滨海盐沼湿地地貌形态和植被格局的生态-地貌耦合模拟研究  

ECO-GEOMORPHIC MODELING OF SALT MARSH MORPHOLOGY AND VEGETATION PATTERNS

作　　者：张德琛 武国相[1,2] 王柯萌 梁丙臣[1,2] 张树岩[3] 车纯广 ZHANG De-Chen;WU Guo-Xiang;WANG Ke-Meng;LIANG Bing-Chen;ZHANG Shu-Yan;CHE Chun-Guang(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering of Shandong Province,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Yellow River Estuary Management Station of Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,Dongying 257061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学山东省海洋工程重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站,山东东营257061

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第4期876-886,共11页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划,2022YFC3204301号;国家自然科学基金项目,52071305号。

摘　　要：滨海盐沼湿地是重要的海岸带生态系统,其地貌形态和植被格局受潮汐动力、泥沙供给等条件影响显著。近年来,盐沼生态-地貌动力学研究成为前沿研究热点。以我国典型潮滩盐沼的动力环境为原型,建立考虑水动力-泥沙-地貌-植被互馈过程的动态耦合模型,研究了不同潮差、海平面上升速率、泥沙供给与泥沙性质等关键变量影响下的盐沼湿地植被-地貌耦合演变过程。研究结果表明,外部泥沙供给是控制潮滩-盐沼高程和植被范围的关键要素,外海悬沙浓度越大,滩面坡度越缓、滩面高程越高、植被的海向延伸越宽;泥沙沉降速度越小,易形成上凸型剖面,且湿地植被分布范围更宽;潮差同时影响盐沼在潮间带的下部边界和上部边界,更大的潮差、更强的潮汐水动力有助于形成更高的潮沟密度和泥沙向盐沼内部的输送效率。研究结果可为滨海湿地保护和修复工程提供理论参考。Coastal salt marsh wetland is an important coastal ecosystem,and its geomorphic form and vegetation pattern are significantly affected by tidal dynamics and sediment supply.In recent years,research on the ecological and geomorphic dynamics of salt marsh has become a frontier research hotspot.Based on the dynamic environment of a typical salt marsh in China,a dynamic coupling model was established to study the vegetation-geomorphic coupling evolution of salt marsh wetlands under the influence of key variables such as tidal range,sea level rise rate,sediment supply,and sediment properties.Results show that the external sediment supply is the key factor to control the elevation and vegetation range of tidal flat and salt marsh.The higher the suspended sediment concentration,the slower the slope of flat surface,the higher the elevation of flat surface,and the wider the seaward extension of vegetation;the lower the sediment settling velocity,the more convex profile is formed,and the wider the distribution of wetland vegetation.The tidal range affects both the lower and upper boundaries of the salt marsh in the intertidal zone,and the larger tidal range and stronger tidal hydrodynamic forces favor the formation of higher tidal channel density and the transport efficiency of sediment to the salt marsh.This study provided a theoretical reference for coastal wetland protection and restoration projects.

关 键 词：盐沼湿地 潮滩-潮沟系统 植被 生态地貌学 

分 类 号：P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]