近40年盐城潮滩盐沼湿地植被前缘变化及景观格局演变趋势  

Changes in vegetation front and evolution trend of landscape pattern of tidal salt marsh wetland in Yancheng in recent 40 years

作　　者：朱文谨 胡顺秋 孙国昌 谭一杰 ZHU Wenjin;HU Shunqiu;SUN Guochang;TAN Yijie(School of Civil and Ocean Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Wetland Ecology and Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210001,China;Lianyun District Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Lianyungang 222042,China;Lianyungang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Lianyungang 222002,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学土木与港海工程学院,连云港222005 [2]自然资源部滨海盐沼湿地生态与资源重点实验室,南京210001 [3]连云港市连云区农业农村局,连云港222042 [4]连云港市自然资源和规划局,连云港222002

出　　处：《海洋地质前沿》2024年第8期53-64,共12页Marine Geology Frontiers

基　　金：江苏省海洋科技创新专项(HY2019-1,JSZRHYKJ202001,JSZRHYKJ202008);自然资源部华东海岸带野外科学观测研究站开放基金(ORSECCZ2022204)。

摘　　要：江苏盐城珍禽自然保护区核心区内潮滩盐沼受人为干扰和开发因素的影响较小,主要受海洋动力(波浪、潮流、海平面)和生物自然生长因素的影响。针对核心区潮滩盐沼区域,以1984—2021年的Landsat系列影像为数据来源,采用遥感和地理信息技术,结合阈值分割、大津算法、非监督分类等多种分类方法,分析了近40年来盐沼湿地前缘、湿地面积及研究区景观的变化情况。结果表明:①1984—2006年,盐沼前缘呈现全面向海推进的趋势;2008年盐沼前缘开始呈现“南北淤积,中部侵蚀”的变化趋势;2014—2021年,核心区盐沼前缘中部趋于稳定。②研究区景观区域主要包括互花米草、碱蓬、芦苇以及养殖池区。互花米草面积与时间呈正相关关系;碱蓬面积先增加后减少;芦苇面积受碱蓬和互花米草的影响,呈先减少后增加态势;受政策影响,养殖池面积先增加后减少,直至消失。③研究区湿地面积与互花米草面积变化趋势一致。1984—2021年,盐沼前缘不断向海推进,核心区湿地面积持续增加,直到2014年增加速率有所减缓。The tidal salt marsh in the core area of Jiangsu Yancheng Rare Bird Nature Reserve has currently been less affected by human but mainly by natural marine dynamics(waves,tides,sea level,etc.)and local primitive organisms.To understand the changes at the front edge of the salt marsh and in the wetland area,and the land-scape evolution of the wetland,the Landsat serial images from 1984 to 2021 were analyzed using remote sensing technology and geographic information technology,combined with various methods(threshold segmentation,Otsu algorithm,and unsupervised classification).Results show that first,from 1984 to 2006,the front edge showed a trend of full seaward advancement.In 2008,the front edge began to show a pattern of"north-south silta-tion and central erosion";From 2014 to 2021,the central part of the front edge in the core area tended to be stable.Secondly,the landscape organisms in the core area included mainly intergrass,alkali ponies,reeds and aquacul-ture ponds.The area of intergrass is positively correlated with time,the area of alkali canopy increased first and then decreased,and the area of reed was influenced by alkali canopy and intergrass,showing a decrease first and then an increase.The area of culture pond increased first and then decreased until it was completely banned by the government.Thirdly,The change of salt marsh front edge in the core area wetlands tended to be consistent with the change of intergrass area in the core area.From 1984 to 2014,the salt marsh front edge had been advancing seaward with the area of intergrass increasing,and then stabilized after 2014.

关 键 词：盐沼滨海湿地 遥感 盐沼植被 景观格局演变 

分 类 号：P736.22[天文地球—海洋地质]