自然修复下长停产矿山土壤重金属污染特征及风险消除研究  

Characteristics and risk elimination of heavy metal pollution in long-term suspension mine soil under natural restoration

作　　者：王昕 卿三成 薛广海 吴萌 潘社卫 WANG Xin;QING Sancheng;XUE Guanghai;WU Meng;PAN Shewei(Mining Technology Group Co.,LTD,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第4期163-168,共6页Environmental Protection Science

摘　　要：以停产未进行生态修复的废弃中小型铁矿作为研究对象,在测定重金属含量的基础上对其污染特征进行分析。在利用地累积指数对其扩散特征进行分析,As、Cd、Cu和Ni等4种重金属元素的主累积指数为正,既在自然修复条件下污染物会随着废弃时间的延长而逐步累积,环境污染风险逐步增加,累积效率为Ni>Cu>Cd>As。Cr、Pb、Zn和Mo等4种地累积指数为负,对土壤的污染程度随着时间延长而下降。从迁移结果来看:As、Cd、Cu和Ni等重金属元素呈现出明显的随距离增加而显著下降的趋势,Mo、Pb和Cr随着距离增加的含量下降并不显著;从不同重金属元素表现来看:不同的污染扰动结果也不同,As的扰动指数最高,达到了23.12,为重度污染,Cd的扰动指数次之,达到了8.81,为轻度污染,Cu和Ni为轻微污染,其他重金属元素无污染。结论:长停产矿区内Pb和Zn含量较高,且呈现出正态分布趋势,其中As和Zn的偏度偏移接近1,Cr、Pb和Mo偏度为负,Cd和Cu的偏度为正且较高。基于污染物特征,通过多元方法在污染源、污染路径和污染末端方向进行治理以实现对风险进行有效消除。The pollution characteristics of abandoned small and medium-sized iron ore without ecological restoration were analyzed based on the determination of heavy metal content.The local accumulation index was used to analyze its diffusion characteristics.The main accumulation index of As,Cd,Cu,Ni and other heavy metals was positive.Under the condition of natural restoration,pollutants would gradually accumulate with the extension of waste time,and the environmental pollution risk would gradually increase,and the cumulative efficiency was Ni>Cu>Cd>As.The cumulative index of Cr,Pb,Zn and Mo was negative,and the pollution degree of soil decreased with the extension of time.From the results of migration,heavy metals such As as,Cd,Cu and Ni showed a significant decrease trend with the increase of distance,while the content of Mo,Pb and Cr did not decrease significantly with the increase of distance.From the performance of different heavy metal elements,the results of different pollution disturbances were also different,the disturbance index of As was the highest,reaching 23.12,for heavy pollution,Cd was followed by the disturbance index,reaching 8.81,for light pollution,Cu and Ni were slight pollution,and other heavy metal elements were pollution-free.The content of Pb and Zn in the long-discontinued mining area was high,and presents a normal distribution trend,in which the skewness deviation of As and Zn is close to 1,the skewness of Cr,Pb and Mo was negative,and the skewness of Cd and Cu was positive and high.Based on the characteristics of pollutants,the risk was effectively eliminated by means of multiple methods in the pollution source,pollution path and pollution end direction.

关 键 词：废弃矿山 重金属 污染特征 风险消除 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]