智能制造的生产成本属性异变及边际成本递减律  

An Exploration in the Scenario of Intelligent Manufacturing

作　　者：高锡荣[1] 丁洪伟 张红超[1] Gao Xirong;Ding Hongwei;Zhang Hongchao(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学经济管理学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《技术经济》2024年第7期125-141,共17页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“面向自立自强全民创新的大众创意训练研究”(22FGLB069);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“智能时代引领型国家创新体系的构筑机制研究”(20YJA790012)。

摘　　要：智能科技革命驱动的智能制造,是新时期推进制造强国建设的不二选项。智能制造以工业智能体取代人力作业,采用“车间智能体+镜像网络”的单要素虚实融合生产模式,这将带来迥异于传统制造业的生产特征和成本属性,进而改变成本函数形态。比较研究发现,智能制造具有“高固定成本、弱可变成本”属性,并据此推导出随产量弱增长的弱成本函数,以及相应产生的边际成本递减规律。智能制造边际成本递减律,主要源于智能制造的单要素虚实融合生产模式对可变成本的冲淡与弱化效应。从政策层面,建议有序开展智能制造系统的众筹建造模式,积极推行智能制造系统的产能共享模式,尽早谋划智能时代产业工人的全新就业模式,大力引导消费者不断介入生产活动,实现消费者向“消产者”的身份转变。Intelligent manufacturing driven by the revolution of intelligent technology represents the unequivocal choice for promoting the construction of manufacturing power in the new era.By replacing human labor with industrial intelligent agents and adopting the single-factor virtual-real fusion production mode of“workshop intelligent agent+mirror network”,intelligent manufacturing will bring vastly different production characteristics and cost attribute compared to traditional manufacturing,thereby changing the form of the cost function.Comparative research found that intelligent manufacturing exhibits attribute of“high fixed cost and weak variable cost”,leading to the derivation of a weak cost function that grows weakly with output,along with the corresponding declining law of marginal cost.The declining law of marginal cost in intelligent manufacturing mainly stems from the diluting and weakening effect of the single-factor virtual-real fusion production mode on variable cost.From the policy perspective,it is recommended to orderly carry out the crowdfunding construction mode of intelligent manufacturing system,actively promote the capacity sharing mode of intelligent manufacturing system,plan a brand-new employment mode for industrial workers in the intelligent era as soon as possible,and vigorously guide consumers to constantly intervene in production activities,so as to realize the identity transformation of consumer into“pro-consumer”.

关 键 词：智能制造 生产特征 成本属性 成本函数 边际成本 

分 类 号：F403.7[经济管理—产业经济]