塑造“国民之母”与“女国民”——近代中国女性社会身份建构的话语实践  

Shaping the"Mother of Citizens"and the"Female Citizen":Discourse Practices of Female Social Identity Construction in Modern China

作　　者：张满丽 Zhang Manli

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学新闻传播学院 [2]中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2024年第6期101-113,128,共14页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：中国社会科学院妇女/性别研究中心年度项目“现代性别观念与女性社会身份在近代中国舆论空间的建构与传播”(项目编号:Fnzx046-2021)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“国民之母”与“女国民”,是中国近代化转型过程中出现于公共奥论空间的身份概念,承载着清末以强国为政治目标的知识精英对理想女性的现代性思考。论文从社会性别视角分析此一时期为性别赋予意义的话语实践,发现罪女、进化以及女权革命三种话语交互叠加,构建了基于“保国”与“保种”的女性社会身份。这种身份是现代民族国家观念介入性别秩序重塑再造的结果,是一种舆论建构的历史性范畴。基于这种观念层面身份构想的近代中国女权启蒙,作为一种精英话语实践呈现出与西方女权运动完全不同的历史起点与发展路径。在这一过程中,将新式知识精英作为话语主体引入舆论空间的近代报刊具有关键性影响。The concepts of the Mother of Citizens and the Female Citizen emerged in public discourse during China's modernization,reflecting the ideals of elite intellectuals in the late Qing dynasty who aimed to strengthen the nation.This thesis examines how discursive practices from a gender perspective shaped meanings of sexual difference during this period.There were three main discourses:the condemnation of women,views on evolution,and feminist revolution.They interacted to construct female social identities centered on the themes of"nation preservation"and"race preservation".This identity emerged as a result of modern nation-state concepts influencing the restructuring of gender norms,representing a historical construct within public opinion.The feminist enlightenment in modern China,emerging from elite discourse around these identities,evolved distinctly from Western feminist movements.The modern press played a crucial role in facilitating this process by providing a platform for new elite intellectuals to engage in public opinion.

关 键 词：性别观念 社会身份 话语模式 近代报刊 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]