两个层面的“共和”:民国前期历史教科书中的共和肇建  

Two Levels of“Republic”:The Founding of the Republic in the History Textbooks of the Early Republic of China

作　　者：李帆[1] Li Fan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第7期61-68,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“近代史地教科书与中华民族认同研究”(23VLS015)。

摘　　要：民国前期历史教科书在书写辛亥革命与民国建立的史实时,以共和叙事为主。对于由君主制走向共和制的巨变,教科书从原因、过程、结果等各个方面进行阐发,系统论证其历史合理性;尤其是以“中华民族”和“中华民国”作为关键词概括民初历史,实际突显了“共和”的两个层面:民族融合与政体变迁,从而弹出民族主义与民主主义的双重变奏之音。在此双重变奏中,教科书以民主主义为根本,倡导“大民族主义”,消弭“小民族主义”的消极影响,强调从君主制到共和制的历史共性,而非着眼于共和之路与民族问题相缠绕的中国历史特性。在清亡民兴的复杂历史巨变面前,这样的书写策略无疑是高明的。In the early period of the Republic of China,history textbooks mainly focused on republican narratives when writing about the historical facts of the Revolution of 1911and the establishment of the Republic of China.The textbooks provided a comprehensive analysis of the historical rationality of the tremendous transformation from monarchy to republicanism,including its causes,process,and outcomes.Using the keywords“Chinese nation”and“Republic of China”to summarize the history of the early Republic of China,they actually highlighted the two levels of“republic”:ethnic integration and polity change,thus giving rise to a dual variation of nationalism and democracy.In this dual variation,the textbooks took democracy as the foundation,advocated“great nationalism”,eliminated the negative impact of“little nationalism”,and emphasized the historical commonality of monarchy and republicanism,rather than focusing on the Chinese historical characteristic with the republican path and ethnic issues intertwined.In the face of the complex historical upheaval of the downfall of the Qing dynasty and the rise of the Republic of China,such a writing strategy is undoubtedly wise.

关 键 词：民国前期历史教科书 共和叙事 民族主义 民主主义 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]