20世纪40年代“发现水杉”事件的历史叙事与政治纠葛  

Historical Narrative and Political Entanglements of the“Metasequoia Discovery”in the 1940s

作　　者：左承颖 Zuo Chengying

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第7期102-113,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代中国环境观念变迁研究”(23CZS063)。

摘　　要：20世纪40年代的“发现水杉”事件,是中国植物科学现代化及国际化的重要标志之一。它彰显了中美学人在科学考察、植物引种和自然保护领域的互动。既有研究多从科学“内史”角度予以讨论,或偏重分析其中的美国因素。实则,民初以来中国林学和植物学界自觉利用现代分类方法逐层整理的本土树种谱系,为川鄂交界处水杉的科学发现奠定了知识基础。基于协同互助和相互交换原则,二战后胡先骕等中国学人主动与美国学界联络,联合开展了水杉实地考察及跨国引种,只是两国舆论在功绩宣传上存有不同程度的偏向。1948年中国水杉保存委员会的设立,揭示了国民政府欲从物种保护维度获取“美援”的造势之态。水杉国家公园计划无果,则反映出直接移植美国自然保护模式的想法不切实际。即便面对种种现实困难,中国学人在水杉的生境调查和引种培育中仍发挥了主体作用。The“Metasequoia Discovery”in the 1940s,was one of the important symbols of the modernization and internationalization of Chinese botany.It directly contributed to the interaction between Chinese and American scholars in plant introduction,field expedition,and nature conservation.However,the existing studies mostly hold discussion from the perspective of“internal history”of science,or focus on analyzing“American factor”.In fact,since the early years of the Republic of China,the genealogy of native tree species,which was accumulated with modern scientific methods by Chinese foresters and botanists,laid the knowledge foundation for the discovery of Metasequoia in the rear area.Based on the principles of synergy and mutual exchange,Hu Xiansu(Hsen-Hsu Hu)and other Chinese scholars took the initiative to liaise with the American academic community to conduct joint field investigations and transnational introductions of Metasequoia,although public opinions in both countries were biased to varying degrees in the propaganda of their achievement.The temporary establishment of the Chinese Metasequoia Conservation Committee in 1948,revealed the Nationalist Government’s attempt to create momentum for obtaining“U.S.aid”through Metasequoia conservation.It also confirmed the impracticality of transplanting the national park conservation model into China at that time.However,even in the face of all the practical difficulties,Chinese scholars still played a major role in the habitat survey and introduction of Metasequoia.

关 键 词：水杉 科学考察 知识谱系 跨国合作 自然保护 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]