从宣到札:宋代枢密院主要军政文书的变化研究  

From Xuan to Zha: Study on the Change of Main Military and Political Documents of the Privy Council in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：贾连港[1] Jia Liangang

机构地区：[1]西北大学宋辽金史研究院暨历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第8期20-28,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：宋初延续五代以来的传统,枢密院宣代表君主传宣重要军政命令,仍有一定的内朝属性。随着枢密院外朝化逐步完成,枢密院宣在官兵选任、军令传布方面应用愈广,但其重要性却趋于下降。大致宋太宗淳化元年,与中书门下札子对应的枢密院札子开始行用起来。宋仁宗以后,枢密院札子的重要性逐步提升,进而成为枢密院最为重要的军政文书。枢密院主要军政文书经历了从宣到札子、札子重于宣的变化过程。在军政运行中,这一转变得益于枢密院札子在处理各项激增的日常或紧急军政事务方面所具有的独特优势,顺应了宋廷统治的需要。这不仅有助于枢密院及时应对繁杂、急速的军政事务,也有助于皇权运作的强化。Continuing the tradition of the Five Dynasties, Xuan(宣) of the Privy Council in the early Song dynasty conveyed important military and political orders on behalf of the emperor, and it still had a certain inner-court attribute.With the gradual completion of the outer-court orientation of the Privy Council, Xuan was more widely used in the selection of officials and soldiers and the dissemination of military orders, but its importance tended to decline.Roughly in the first year of Chunhua during the reign of Taizong of Song, Zhazi(札子) of the Privy Council, which corresponded to Zhazi of the Secretariat Chancellery(Zhongshu Menxia, 中书门下),began to be put into use.After the period of Renzong of Song, the importance of Zhazi of the Privy Council had gradually increased, and it became the most important military and political document of the Privy Council.In the military and political operation, Zhazi of the Privy Council had its unique advantage in dealing with various daily or urgent military and political affairs, which conformed to the ruling needs of the Song court.It not only helped the Privy Council deal with complicated and pressing military and political affairs in time, but also helped strengthen the function of imperial power.

关 键 词：宋代 枢密院 军政文书 宣 札子 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]