中国对铁路运价制定权的维护(1921—1928)——以《九国公约》第五条为中心  

China’s Maintenance of the Right to Set Railway Freight Rates,1921-1928:Centering on Article 5 of the Nine-Power Treaty

作　　者：景菲菲 Jing Feifei

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学马克思主义学院暨中国社会史研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第8期53-64,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：山东省社科规划青年项目“中日胶济铁路货物运价交涉研究(1914—1937)”(22DLSJ08)。

摘　　要：在1921年召开的华盛顿会议上,列强迫使中国签订了《九国公约》,其中第五条规定中国铁路实施平等运价。为了维护铁路运价制定权,北洋政府一再强调中国铁路对外国货物实行相同运价,这为日后中国制定中外不同运价提供了一定的法理依据。此后,北洋政府在国有铁路上对运输的中国货物征收低于外国货物的运价,以保护民族工商业的发展。列强指责中国违反了《九国公约》第五条的规定,要求中国实施相同运价,并不断提出交涉。但直至1928年北洋政府统治结束,列强的目的也没有达到。中外围绕《九国公约》第五条的解释展开的争论,实质是中国在华盛顿体系下对铁路运价制定权的维护。At the Washington Conference in 1922,the foreign powers forced China to sign the Nine-Power Treaty,Article 5 of which stipulated the implementation of equal freight rates in China's railways.To maintain the right of setting railway freight rates,the Beiyang government repeatedly stated that Chinese railways would not impose differential freight rates on foreign goods,which provided a certain legal basis for China to formulate different freight rates for Chinese and foreign goods in the future.Since then,the Beiyang government imposed lower freight rates on Chinese goods transported via the state-owned railway than on foreign goods in order to protect the development of national industry and commerce.Foreign powers accused China of violating Article 5 of the Nine-Power Treaty.They asked China to implement the same freight rates for both Chinese and foreign goods,and kept negotiating for the above-mentioned purpose.However,until the rule of the Beiyang government ended in 1928,the goal of the foreign powers was still not achieved.The negotiation between China and foreign countries around the interpretation of Article 5 of the Nine-Power Treaty is in essence a struggle of China to maintain its right of setting railway freight rates under the Washington system.

关 键 词：铁路运价 《九国公约》 华盛顿会议 门户开放 北洋政府 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]