青藏高原阿里地区不同物种粪便中甾醇分布特征及指示意义  

Distribution characteristics and indicative significance of fecal sterols in different species in Nagri Prefecture of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：李秀美 刘苏涛 侯居峙[2] 袁侃 侯孝欢 冀克家 Li Xiumei;Liu Sutao;Hou Juzhi;Yuan Kan;Hou Xiaohuan;Ji Kejia(Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution,School of Geographic Sciences,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范大学地理科学学院/河南省水土环境污染协同防治重点实验室,河南信阳464000 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第7期1123-1132,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41901105);河南省自然科学基金项目(242300421371);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2023GGJS096);河南省本科高校研究性教学改革研究与实践项目(2022SYJXLX062);信阳师范学院“南湖学者奖励计划”青年项目资助。

摘　　要：本文以青藏高原阿里地区夏达错流域为研究区,采集湖泊周边人类以及驴、狐狸、兔子、马、狼、鸟、羊、牛9个物种的粪便样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对粪便样品中的9种甾醇化合物进行检测,并分析其分布特征及指示意义。结果表明:粪甾烷醇和异构粪甾烷醇是人类粪便中的主要甾醇,约占人类粪便总甾醇质量浓度(粪便中9种甾醇质量浓度之和)的60%,但这2种化合物在其他物种粪便总甾醇质量浓度中占比仅为0.66%~10.04%,且粪甾烷醇和异构粪甾烷醇在人类粪便中的质量浓度之和是其在其他8个物种粪便中质量浓度总和的两倍有余,因而这两种化合物可用作夏达错地区人类活动的代用指标;胆固醇在狐狸和狼等食肉动物粪便总甾醇中的占比均超过了50%,而在其它物种中的占比均小于7%,可用于示踪食肉动物;β-谷甾醇在鸟类粪便总甾醇中占比超过85%,远高于其在其他物种粪便总甾醇中占比,可用于识别植食性鸟类;β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、24-乙基粪甾烷醇和谷甾烷醇是植食性哺乳动物粪便中的优势甾醇,可用于识别植食性哺乳动物;甾醇化合物的特定比值能够有效地识别出夏达错周边地区的人类粪便样本。该研究为重建青藏高原西部夏达错地区过去人与环境关系研究奠定了科学基础。This study took the Xiada Co Basin in Nagri Prefecture on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as the research area,and the fecal samples of human,donkeys,foxes,rabbits,horses,wolves,birds,sheep and cattle around the lake were collected.Subsequently,the 9 sterol compounds in the fecal samples were detected by gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry to analyze its distribution characteristics and indicative significance.The results showed that coprostanol and epicoprostanol were the major sterols in human faeces,accounting for more than 60%of the total sterol concentration(the sum of the 9 sterols in faeces)in human faeces,but these 2 com-pounds only accounted for 0.66%~10.04%of the total sterol concentration in faeces of the other species,and the concentration of(coprostanol+epicoprostanol)in human feces was more than twice as high as as the sum of the concentrations of these 2 compounds in the faeces of the other 8 species.Therefore,coprostanol and epi-coprostanol could be used as tracers for human activities in Xiada Co Basin.Cholesterol accounted for more than 50%of the total sterols in the feces of carnivores such as foxes and wolves,but less than 7%in other spe-cies,implying that this sterol could be used to trace carnivores.Sitosterol accounted for more than 85%of total sterols in bird feces,much higher than its share of total fecal sterols in other species,suggesting that it could be used to identify plant-feeding birds.Sitosterol,stigmasterol,24-ethylcoprostanol and sitostanol were the dom-inant sterols in plant-feeding mammal feces.Thus,these sterols could be used to identify plant-feeding mam-mals.In addition,the fecal sterol compound ratio was also effective in identifying human feces in the Xiada Co Basin.Furthermore,the relative contents of C27 and C29 sterols could reflect the dietary composition of the an-imals,and the human fecal sterol data indicated that the people’s dietary pattern was meat predominantly.Changes in the population size of humans and other animals will lead to changes in the amount of fecal st

关 键 词：动物粪便 甾醇 人类活动 夏达错 青藏高原 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学] P92[天文地球—自然地理学]