石砌挡土墙附生树木对墙体与周边环境的影响及其处理措施  

Influence of Epiphytic Trees on Stone Retaining Walls and Surrounding Environment and Measures to Deal with Them

作　　者：于恒 李艾玲 YU Heng;LI Ailing

机构地区：[1]成都大学,成都610106 [2]渥太华大学,加拿大渥太华市K1N6N5

出　　处：《广东园林》2024年第2期119-124,共6页Guangdong Landscape Architecture

基　　金：成都大学引进人才启动项目(编号:2081923043)。

摘　　要：在我国南方湿热地区,常有榕树等生命力顽强的树种生长在石砌挡土墙砌体间缝隙或伸缩缝中,形成挡土墙附生树木。挡土墙附生树木的根系扎根于墙后土体中,也有可能出现根系对墙面形成覆盖的现象。如何评价附生树木对挡土墙稳定性造成的影响以及对它们采取何种适当的处理措施成为城市绿化建设和市政维护中所需要考虑的问题。通过调查附生树木种类与生长条件,分析附生树木对墙体和周边环境的影响,主要得到以下结论:挡土墙附生植物以榕树等根系发达、生命力顽强的树种为主;挡土墙附生树木的蒸腾作用可以减少墙背填土的含水量,有利于减小挡土墙墙背土压力,提高挡土墙的稳定性;挡土墙附生树木可体现人与自然和谐相处,也具有减少城市污染、净化空气的生态意义,可适当保护利用增进城市绿化,但应注意根据实际情况对枝叶进行修剪;对生长在挡土墙上根系不发达,枝干粗壮的附生树木,应及时移除以避免造成挡土墙失稳或变形。In the sultry and humid regions of southern China,resilient tree species like the banyan tree often thrive in crevices or expansion joints of stone retaining walls.These trees,referred to as epiphytes or trees attached to stone retaining walls,extend their roots into the soil behind the wall,sometimes resulting in the complete coverage of the wall by the root system.Assessing the impact of these epiphytic trees on the stability of retaining walls and implementing appropriate measures has become a crucial consideration in urban greening construction and municipal maintenance.Through an examination of the growth conditions and types of epiphytic trees,as well as an analysis of their influence on the wall and the surrounding environment,the following conclusions can be drawn:Predominantly,the epiphytic plants on retaining walls are trees with well-developed roots and high vitality.The transpiration process of these epiphytes plays a role in reducing the water content of the soil behind the retaining wall,thereby lessening soil pressure and enhancing the stability of the structure.Trees attached to retaining wall epiphytes symbolize a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Beyond their aesthetic appeal,they hold ecological significance by mitigating urban pollution,purifying air,and contributing to overall environmental health.Properly managing and utilizing these epiphytic trees can enhance urban greening efforts.However,it is essential to be mindful of their maintenance.Pruning of branches and leaves should be carried out judiciously,taking into account the specific conditions.Epiphytic trees with underdeveloped roots and thick branches should be promptly removed to prevent potential instability or deformation of the retaining wall.Balancing the preservation of these natural elements with strategic intervention ensures a sustainable and safe urban landscape.

关 键 词：附生树木 石砌挡土墙 稳定性 环境 处理措施 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]