云南山地牧业草地资源特点与利用  

The characteristics and utilization of grassland resources for animal husbandry in the mountainous areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：文霞 李世平 邵权[1] 郑竹 杨子姗[1] WEN Xia;LI Shiping;SHAO Quan;ZHENG Zhu;YANG Zishan(Yunnan Vocational College of Agriculture,Kunming 650212,China;Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Sciences,Kunming 650212,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业职业技术学院,昆明650212 [2]云南省草地动物科学研究院,昆明650212

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2024年第8期1-7,共7页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202302AE090008)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究滇东北草地资源的现状和特点,为该区域草地生态建设提供依据。[方法]采用线路踏查和样方调查相结合的方式,对研究区物种构成、植被高度、生物量及饲用等级等项目进行调查分析。[结果]研究区共有植物50科136属162种(不含3个待定种),其中饲用植物21科98种,饲用等级优等的植物23种(23.47%),良等19种(19.39%)。研究区3种类型人工草地豆禾比例严重失调,野艾蒿入侵严重,存在退化现象。研究区人工草地鲜草产量(29.23 t/hm^(2))和可食草产量(25.21 t/hm^(2))分别比天然草地(7.95 t/hm^(2)、5.28 t/hm^(2))提高了2.68和3.84倍,产量显著提高。[结论]建议加强对人工草地的管理、利用及恶性杂草的防控,以实现草地资源的可持续利用。[Objectives]The status and characteristics of grassland resources in Northeast Yunnan were studied to provide a basis for the ecological construction and sustainable utilization of grasslands in the region.[Methods]A combination of route survey and quadrat survey was used to investigate and analyze the species composition,vegetation height,biomass,and feed grade in the study area.[Results]There are 162 species of plants from 136 genera in 50 families in the study area(excluding 3 undetermined species),including 98 species of forage plants from 21 families.Among them,23 species(23.47%)were classified as excellent forage and 19 species(19.39%)as good forage.The proportion of leguminous forage to gramineous forage in the three types of artificial grasslands in the study areas is severely imbalanced,and the invasion of Artemisia lavandulaefolia is severe,indicating degradation.The fresh grass yield(29.23 t/hm^(2))and edible grass yield(25.21 t/hm^(2))of artificial grasslands in the study area increased by 2.68 and 3.84 times compared to those of natural grasslands(7.95 t/hm^(2) and 5.28 t/hm^(2)),showing a significant increase in yield.[Conclusions]It is recommended to strengthen the management and utilization of artificial grasslands,and control malignant weeds to achieve the sustainable utilization of grassland resources in the mountainous areas of Yunnan province.

关 键 词：滇东北 草地资源 山地牧业 人工草地 天然草地 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]