阻尼模型的力学机制及对钻柱动力学特性的影响  

Mechanisms of three damping models and their influence on dynamic characteristics of drill strings

作　　者：狄勤丰[1] 陈功[1] 胡菲菲 王文昌[1] 陈锋[2] DI Qinfeng;CHEN Gong;HU Feifei;WANG Wenchang;CHEN Feng(School of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of mechanical and electrical engineering and automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学力学与工程科学学院,上海200444 [2]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期390-400,共11页Journal of Shanghai University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金石油化工联合基金重点资助项目(U1663205);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52174003);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51704191)。

摘　　要：钻柱动力学特性模拟中普遍采用Rayleigh阻尼模型来反映阻尼(包括钻井液阻尼)的作用,但很少关注选用该模型的合理依据,且其阻尼系数主要依赖经验确定.首先,在考虑非线性和钻井液阻尼作用的基础上建立了钻柱动力学有限元模型,实现钻柱动力学特性的模拟,然后,研究较为典型的Rayleigh阻尼模型、Caughey阻尼模型、Clough阻尼模型的力学机制及其内在联系,并基于实际算例研究3种阻尼模型对钻柱动力学特性的影响,比较不同阻尼模型下钻柱的横向位移、横向加速度、以及涡动轨迹和涡动速度.结果表明,l取−2∼1时的Caughey阻尼模型的阻尼值偏小,未能起到阻尼的黏滞作用,而l取其他数值时阻尼值又过大,可见取4项的Caughey阻尼模型并不适用于钻柱动力学模拟计算.Rayleigh阻尼模型和Clough阻尼模型可以有效反映钻井液的阻尼效应,所得钻柱动态特性比较贴合实际振动情况,但前者形式简洁,便于计算,更适用于目前钻井工程中的钻柱动力学模拟.The Rayleigh damping model is widely used in simulating the dynamic characteristics of drill strings to reflect the effect of damping(including drilling fluid damping).However,the basis for choosing this model has not been sufficiently investigated,and its damping coefficient is mainly determined by experience.In this study,the dynamic fi-nite element model of a drill string was established by first considering the nonlinearity and damping effect of the drilling fluid to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the drill string in a borehole.Subsequently,the mechanisms and internal relations of the typical Rayleigh damping,Caughey damping,and Clough damping models were investigated.Finally,the effects of these three models on the dynamic characteristics of the drill string were investigated using a practical example,and the lateral displacement,lateral acceleration,whirl trajectory,and whirl velocity of the drill string under different damping models were compared.The results show that the damping value of the Caughey damping model with l within the range of−2∼1 is negligible to effectively provide viscous damping,and the damping value is extremely large when l assumes other values.This implies that the Caughey damping model with four terms is not suitable for the dynamic simulation of drill strings.The Rayleigh and Clough damping models can effectively reflect the damping effect of drilling fluid,and the dynamic characteristics of the drill string obtained are consistent with the actual vibration.By contrast,the Rayleigh damping model is simple in form and easy to calculate;therefore,it is suitable for the dynamic simulation of drill strings in drilling engineering.

关 键 词：钻柱 Rayleigh阻尼模型 钻井液 动力学特性 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TE242[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]