海水养殖残饲粪便衍生生物炭对水体中污染物的去除  

Removal of pollutants from water by biochar derived frommaricultural residual bait and feces

作　　者：蔡永坤 田文静 张翔宇 徐文杰 周浩东 宋协法[1] 李贤 CAI Yongkun;TIAN Wenjing;ZHANG Xiangyu;XU Wenjie;ZHOU Haodong;SONG Xiefa;LI Xian(Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2024年第4期48-56,共9页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010410)。

摘　　要：近年来陆基水产养殖业快速发展,在增加水产品产量的同时也产生了大量的残饲粪便。然而海水养殖残饲粪便因含盐一直未能建立合理处理方式,以海水养殖残饲粪便为原料制备生物炭(BC700),并采用不同方法进行改性,研究了不同生物炭对水体中PO_(4)^(3-)、NO_(3)^(-)、NO_(2)^(-)和NH_(4)^(+)的去除率,吸附动力学及去除机制。结果显示:碱、酸和金属负载改性分别使BC700比表面积显著增加39.8%(生物炭K)、88.1%(生物炭P)以及72.9%(生物炭Fe)。所有生物炭均含有-OH和/或苯酚、C-O、-CH_(3)、芳香族C=O和C=C基团。改性显著提高BC700对水体中NH_(4)^(+)的去除率,生物炭Fe对水体PO_(4)^(3-)、NO_(2)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)的去除率最高。不同生物炭对PO_(4)^(3-)和NH_(4)^(+)同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附,生物炭对NO_(3)^(-)和NO_(2)^(-)的主要吸附机制可能是化学吸附。该研究成果为海水养殖残饲粪便的资源化利用提供了新视角,助推水产养殖绿色可持续发展。In recent years,the rapid development of the land-based aquaculture industry has led to an increase in aquatic product production,but it has also resulted in a significant accumulation of residual bait and feces.However,the high salt content in the residual bait feces from mariculture has hindered the establishment of an effective treatment method.In this study,biochar (BC700) was synthesized from mariculture residual bait feces and modified using various methods.The removal rates,adsorption kinetics,and removal mechanisms of different biochar on PO_(4)^(3-),NO_(3)^(-),NO_(2)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) in water were studied.The results showed that the specific surface area of BC700 was significantly increased by alkali modification (39.8% for biochar K),acid modification (88.1% for biochar P),and metal loading modification (72.9% for biochar Fe).All biochar is characterized by the presence of-OH and/or phenol,C-O,-CH_(3),aromatic C=O and C=C groups.The modification significantly enhanced the biochar's ability to remove NH 4 +-N from water,with biochar Fe demonstrating the highest removal rates for PO_(4)^(3-),NO_(2)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+).Different types of biochar adsorb PO_(4)^(3-) and NH_(4)^(+) through both physical and chemical processes,while the adsorption of NO 3-and NO_(2)^(-) by biochar is primarily driven by chemical adsorption.This study offers a novel approach to the resource utilization of residual bait and feces from mariculture,thereby contributing to the green and sustainable advancement of the aquaculture industry.

关 键 词：海水养殖 残饲 粪便 生物炭 氮磷污染物 去除机理 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖]