揉搓式高粱脱粒装置的设计与性能试验  

Design and Performance of a Kneading Threshing Device for Sorghum

作　　者：张秀全[1] 冯晚平[1] 王嘉伟[1] 宋海燕[1] 郑德聪[1] ZHANG Xiuquan;FENG Wanping;WANG Jiawei;SONG Haiyan;ZHENG Decong(College of Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Shanxi Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第8期112-121,共10页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-07-D-2);山西农业大学学术恢复项目(2023XSHF2);山西省科技重大专项(202101140601026)。

摘　　要：为了提高高粱联合收获时脱粒分离的作业质量,设计了一种揉搓式高粱脱粒滚筒。通过纹杆滚筒和与之相配合的栅格滚筒的相互作用,加强对物料挤压、揉搓、翻转,实现高粱籽粒的脱粒与分离,降低损失率和籽粒破碎率;采用二次通用旋转组合设计,以籽粒破碎率和夹带损失率为主要指标,选取喂入量、纹杆滚筒转速、栅格滚筒转速为影响因素,对揉搓式高粱脱粒装置进行了试验。结果表明:随着喂入量的增加,夹带损失率和破碎率均为先降低后升高;随着纹杆滚筒转速的增大,破碎率逐渐增加,夹带损失率先降低后升高;当栅格滚筒正转时,随着转速的升高,破碎率和夹带损失率均呈先降低后升高的趋势;当栅格滚筒反转时,随着转速的升高,破碎率和夹带损失率均呈升高的趋势;通过回归方程在约束条件下求最优解,得到脱粒装置最优参数组合为:喂入量为0.76kg·s^(-1)、纹杆滚筒转速为403r·min^(-1)、栅格滚筒转速为35r·min^(-1),在最优参数组合下籽粒破碎率为0.21%,夹带损失率为1.03%。研究结果可为该装置的田间试验提供依据。In order to improve the quality of threshing and separating during sorghum combination harvest,a kneading axial flow threshing drum was designed.Through the interaction between the grain bar drum and the matched grid drum,the material was extruded,rubbed and flipped to realize the threshing and separation of sorghum seeds and reduce the loss rate and grain crushing rate.Using secondary universal rotating combination design,taking the grain crushing rate and entrainment loss rate as the main indexes,the experimental bench of the kneading type sorghum threshing device was tested taking the feeding amount,the drum speed of grain bar and the drum speed of grid as the influencing factors.The experimental results showed that the entrainment loss rate and crushing rate decreased first and then increased with the increase of feed.With the increase of drum speed,the crushing rate increases gradually,and the entrainment loss rate decreased first and then increased.When the grid cylinder was rotating positively,the breakage rate and entrainment loss rate decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of the rotating speed.When the grid drum was reversed,the breakage rate and entrainment loss rate both increased with the increase of rotational speed.The optimal solution was obtained under the constraint conditions through the regression equation,and the optimal parameter combination of the threshing device was obtained as follows:the feeding volume was 0.76 kg·s^(-1),the drum speed was 403 r·min^(-1),and the drum speed was 35 r·min^(-1).Under the optimal parameter combination,the grain crushing rate was 0.21%and the entrainment loss rate was 1.03%.The results provided a basis for the field test of the device.

关 键 词：高粱 揉搓式 脱粒装置 破碎率 夹带损失率 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]