嘉道时期的诗学思潮转向  

The Turn of Poetic Thought in the Jiadao Period

作　　者：钱佳楠 郭院林[1] QIAN Jia-nan;GUO Yuan-lin

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,扬州225002

出　　处：《求是学刊》2024年第3期160-171,共12页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：清朝嘉道之际的社会处在所谓盛世滑向衰世的过渡阶段,学风、士风的变化深刻影响了诗学思潮与诗歌创作。细致入微的学术训练、程朱理学下的世界观、身份认同下社会参与意识的高涨,使理性主义的思想笼罩在嘉道诗坛上空,诗歌的价值取向也回归正统。在继续强调诗歌独创性和个性化的前提下,诗歌的政治与社会功能得到体认,个人化与纪实性成为该阶段的诗歌特征。诗学思潮则趋向敛华就实,情志并重。诗论家集中总结了清中叶以后的诗学经验,丰富了“学人之诗”的理论内涵。“以人论诗”将诗人的品行节操作为评判标准,崇“真”尚“志”,强调诗与人一。这些诗学观念既是嘉道诗坛对清前中叶诗歌的继承与反思,也是晚清志士之诗的先声。The society during the reign of Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty was in the socalled transitional stage from prosperity to decline.The changes in academic style and scholarly style had a profound impact on poetic thoughts and poetry creation.Meticulous academic training,CHENG-ZHU Neo-Confucian worldview,and a rising awareness of social participation under identity have made rationalism shroud poetry circles during the reign of Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang,and the value orientation of poetry has returned to the Confucian tradition.On the premise of continuing to emphasize the originality and individu⁃ality of poetry,the political and social functions of poetry were recognized,and personalization and documen⁃tary became the characteristics of poetry at this stage.The ideological trend of poetics tends to leave the glam⁃our behind and get back to basics,and pay equal attention to emotion and aspiration.Poetic theorists have con⁃centrated on summarizing the poetic experience after the middle Qing Dynasty,enriching the theoretical con⁃notation of“scholar’s poetry”.“On Poetry by People”regards the poet’s character as the judgment standard,respects“truth”and“aspiration”,and emphasizes the unity of poetry and people.These poetic concepts are not only the inheritance and reflection of poetry circles during the reign of Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang on the poems of the early and middle Qing Dynasty,but also the herald of the poems of person of ideals and integ⁃rity in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：嘉道时期 诗学思潮 学人之诗 志士之诗 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K249.3[历史地理—历史学]