论侵害监护权的损害赔偿责任  

The Personal Injury Compensation Liability of Infringing Custodial Right

作　　者：程啸[1] CHENG Xiao(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第4期69-84,F0002,共17页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济治理体系法治化研究”(23&ZD155)。

摘　　要：相对于监护关系外的第三人,监护关系具有绝对、排他的效力,监护人依法履行监护职责产生的权利属于绝对权,受到侵权法的保护。非法使被监护人脱离监护的行为构成对监护人监护权的侵害,侵权人应当承担由此造成的财产和精神损害。监护权被侵害的财产损害既包括监护人为恢复监护关系而支出的合理费用,也包括因此遭受的误工损失等其他财产损失。侵害监护权的行为只有使父母子女关系和其他近亲属关系遭受严重损害时,父母以及担任监护人的其他近亲属才享有精神损害赔偿请求权。被监护人在脱离监护期间死亡时,作为监护人的近亲属既享有因监护权被侵害的损害赔偿请求权,也有权就被监护人的死亡向侵权人行使人身损害赔偿请求权;被监护人伤残的,只有被监护人享有人身损害赔偿请求权。赔偿合理的奔丧费既符合民法典的规定,更是我国传统伦理道德与社会主义核心价值观的基本要求。In relation to third parties outside the guardianship relationship,the guardianship relationship is absolute and exclusive,and the rights arising from the guardian̓s performance of the guardianship duties in accordance with the law are absolute rights and are protected by the law of torts.The behavior of illegally making the guardian out of the guardianship constitutes the guardian̓s guardianship infringement,the tortfeasor shall bear the resulting property damage and moral damage.The property damage caused by the infringement of the right of guardianship includes not only the reasonable expenses incurred by the guardian in restoring the guardianship relationship,but also other property losses,such as the loss of lost time at work,suffered as a result of the infringement.Parents and other close relatives acting as guardians have the right to claim compensation for moral damage only if the violation of the right of guardianship has caused serious damage to the parent-child relationship and the relationship of other close relatives.When a person under guardianship dies while out of custody,the close relatives of the guardian have the right to claim damages for the infringement of the guardianship,as well as the right to exercise the right to claim personal injury compensation from the tortfeasor in respect of the death of the guardian;if the person under guardianship is disabled,only the guardian has the right to claim personal injury compensation.Compensation for reasonable funeral expenses is not only in line with the provisions of the Civil Code,but is also a basic requirement of China̓s traditional ethics and socialist core values.

关 键 词：民法典 侵权行为 监护权 被监护人 损害赔偿责任 

分 类 号：DF526[政治法律—民商法学]