合同履行绿色义务的性质与效力——《民法典》第509条第3款释论  

On the Nature and Effect of Green Obligations in Contract Performance:Interpretation of Paragraph 3,Article 509 of the Civil Code

作　　者：刘长兴[1] LIU Changxing(Research Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第4期146-160,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“地方立法检视——以广东省环境法规为例”(23FFXB014)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第509条第3款规定的合同履行中的绿色义务,引起了巨大理论争议,也带来了司法实践难题。将该条款解释为倡导性条款,还是解释为有约束力的法定义务条款,其意义完全不同。为推进生态文明建设,结合民法绿色原则和立法体系进行分析,应当明确该条款的法定义务属性,通过对合同自由的适当限制,实现对当事人行为的环保约束。具体来说,合同履行的绿色义务具有附随义务属性,违反该义务可能导致损害赔偿、强制履行等责任,债权人也可能因而享有合同解除权;同时,该义务具有不真正义务属性,虽不能强制执行,但可能导致对方当事人减少价款请求权。上述两种定性虽有区别但并非相互排斥,应当由法官在司法裁判中结合案情决定采用不同的解释路径,以确定合同履行绿色义务的具体内容和边界,并依据社会共同价值、参酌习惯等,认定违反该义务的法律效果,体现绿色义务对合同当事人的现实约束力。The third paragraph of Article 509 of the Civil Code stipulates the green obligation in contract performance,which has caused huge theoretical controversy and practical problems.Whether the provision is interpreted as an advocacy clause or as a binding legal obligation clause has a completely different meaning.In order to promote the construction of ecological civilization,we should interpret this clause as a legal obligation based on the green principle of civil law and the legislative system.In this way,environmental constraints on the behavior of the parties can be achieved through appropriate restrictions on contract freedom.Specifically,the green obligations in contract performance are collateral obligation in nature.If this obligation is violated,it will lead to liability for damages,compulsory performance,and the creditor̓s right to terminate the contract.At the same time,the obligation is obliegenheit in nature.Although it cannot be enforced,it might cause the opposing party to claim fewer payments.The above two interpretations are different but not totally exclusive.The judge should adopt different interpretation paths based on the facts of the case to determine the specific content and boundary of the green obligation in contract performance,and determine the legal effect based on social common values and discretionary habits when the green obligation is violated,so as to reflect the binding force of green obligations on contract parties.

关 键 词：合同履行 绿色义务 附随义务 不真正义务 法律效力 

分 类 号：DF46[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]