跨越工作贫困陷阱:最低工资的福利再分配效应  

Overcoming the Working Poverty Trap:Welfare Redistribution of Minimum Wage

作　　者：于新亮 宋爽爽 孙峥岫 Yu Xinliang;Song Shuangshuang;Sun Zhengxiu

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学保险学院,山东省济南市250014 [2]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院 [3]东南大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2024年第7期205-228,共24页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274107);山东省泰山学者工程专项经费(tsqn202312226);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2022RW044)的资助。

摘　　要：从理论上讲,最低工资制度能够保障低技能劳动者工资水平,但企业也可能因为技能溢价,更大幅度地提升高技能劳动者的工资,进而导致工资差距拉大,工作贫困率不降反升。本文借助中国最低工资标准调整的准实验,使用模糊双重差分法评估最低工资标准调整对工作贫困的政策效果。研究表明,最低工资标准上调显著提高了劳动者的工作贫困发生率,尤其对农村户籍、跨市流动和低技能劳动者的影响更为明显。此外,最低工资标准的调整在就业正规性、劳动强度和消费水平三方面产生了福利再分配效应。当最低工资标准超过平均工资水平的59.11%时,劳动者能够跨越工作贫困陷阱。In theory,the minimum wage system may guarantee the wage level of low-skilledworkers.However,firms might respond by substantially raising the wages of high-skilled workers dueto skill premiums,eventually causing the wage gap to widen and working poverty rates to increaserather than decrease.Based on a quasi-experiment on adjustments to China’s minimum wage standard,using the fuzzy difference-in-differences(DID)method,this paper assesses the policy effects ofminimum wage standard adjustments on working poverty.The results show that the incidence ofworking poverty increases significantly after the increase in minimum wage,with a pronounced impacton workers with rural hukou,intercity mobility and low skills.In addition,the adjustment of theminimum wage standard also has three welfare redistributive effects:employment formality,laborintensity and consumption levels.When the minimum wage standard exceeds 59.11%of the averagewage level,workers can then overcome the working poverty trap.

关 键 词：最低工资标准 工作贫困 福利再分配 模糊双重差分估计量 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] F12[经济管理—国民经济]