古埃及文字的仪式性特征及其早期应用  

The Ritual Feature of the Ancient Egyptian Writing and Its Early Social Application

作　　者：温静 Wen Jing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第3期1-16,162,共17页World History

摘　　要：自其诞生之初,与古埃及国家同时起源的古埃及文字就具有仪式性特征。在文明诞生后所构建的新秩序中,统一的文字与书写格式是权力的象征,也是社会价值观与宗教观念的载体。官员阶层发展起来以后,开始用文字展示自我身份,从书写简单的头衔官职开始,逐渐发展出篇幅较长的自传体铭文。文字的使用还延伸到死后世界。人们用文字表达死者的语言与思想,在死者和生者的世界之间进行沟通。文字与魔法也有着密切关系。日常咒语能以文字形式存在于丧葬场合,在仪式中使用的咒语也能被书写下来,文字的仪式性特征使这些咒语以书面形式发挥作用。文字还是魔法的载体,书面咒语经过编纂整理,发展出神圣的魔法书和奥秘知识。The ancient Egyptian writing,which originated at the same time as the ancient Egyptian state,had its ritual feature from its inception.In the new order constructed after the birth of the civilisation,the uniformity of the script and writing format became a symbol of power and a carrier of social and religious values.As the official class developed,it began to display its identity in writing,starting with simple titles and official positions and progressing to longer autobiographical inscriptions.The use of writing also extended to the afterlife.People used writing to express the language and the thoughts of the dead and communicate between the dead and the living.Writing was also closely related to the magic.Everyday spells could exist in written form in funerary settings,and spells used in rituals can be written down;the ritual feature of the writing allowed those spells to function in written form.Writing was also a carrier for magic,and written spells were codified and edited to develop sacred magic books and secret knowledge.

关 键 词：古埃及 仪式性文字 早王朝 古王国 奥秘知识 

分 类 号：K411.2[历史地理—历史学]