立陶宛皈依天主教与中世纪东欧政治版图的重构  

The Conversion of Lithuania to Catholicism and the Reconstruction of the Political Landscape in Medieval Eastern Europe

作　　者：罗爱林 宋歌 Luo Ailin;Song Ge

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第3期84-97,165,共15页World History

摘　　要：从1147年开始,天主教会发动了“北方圣战”,强行将易北河以东、波罗的海东岸地区的斯拉夫人、利沃尼亚人、爱沙尼亚人、普鲁士人等异教民族纳入拉丁基督教世界体系。与上述东北欧民族不同的是,立陶宛人在宗教皈依问题上同东西方教会长期博奔,最终通过与波兰的联合主动接受了天主教,而并非是在十字军战争后的被动臣服。立陶宛皈依天主教对东欧政治版图产生了深远影响,不仅弱化了“北方圣战”的思想理论基础,加速了“北方圣战”的终结,而且改变了欧洲宗教力量格局,加深了东西方宗教的矛盾冲突。它还构建起立陶宛与波兰之间宗教文化的相互认同,从而引发14-17世纪东欧政治版图的重组和东北欧新争霸局面的形成。立陶宛依天主教虽已过去七个多世纪,但其影响并未消散,当代东欧的许多重大事件都能从中找到源头。The Catholic Church launched the Northern Crusades from the year of 1147,forcing the Slavs,Livonians,Estonians,Prussians,and other pagan peoples in the east of the Elbe and the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea to be integrated into the Latin Christendom.Unlike those northeastern European peoples,the Lithuanians played a long-term game with the Eastern and Western churches over the issue of religious conversion.Eventually,they accepted Catholicism through the alliance with Poland on their own initiative,rather than through passive submission after the Crusades.The Catholicisation of Lithuania has exerted a profound impact on the political landscape of Eastern Europe,not only weakening the ideological and theoretical foundations of the Northern Crusades and accelerating their end,but also changing the structure of religious power in Europe and deepening the conflicts between the Eastern and Western religions.It also constructed a mutual religious and cultural identity between Lithuania and Poland,which triggered the reorganisation of the political landscape of Eastern Europe in the 14 th-17'"centuries and the formation of a new hegemony in Northeasterm Europe.More than seven centuries have passed since the conversion of Lithuania to Catholicism,but its influence has not dissipated.Many of major events in modern Eastern Europe can find their origins from that historical transition.

关 键 词：立陶宛 天主教 北方圣战 莫斯科公国 东欧政治版图 

分 类 号：K51[历史地理—历史学]