查理一世之死与斯图亚特复辟王朝的记忆政治  

The Death of King Charles I and the Memory Politics of the Stuart Restoration Dynasty

作　　者：苏泽明 Su Zeming

机构地区：[1]聊城大学历史文化与旅游学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第3期98-111,165,166,共16页World History

摘　　要：斯图亚特王朝复辟后,以查理一世之死为核心的内战记忆受到了政治力量左右。为了修复国家的裂痕,复辟王朝采取“有限遗忘”或“选择记忆”策略,将查理一世之死定义为少数野心家发动叛乱导致的弑君事件,君之罪应由克伦威尔等少数叛贼承担。查理一世被宣传成为国家和国教赴死的殉道者,是不容置疑的合法性权威。复辟王朝以政权力量塑造的查理一世之死记忆与詹姆士二世的继位诉求相匹配,助其顺利登上了王位。然而,查理一世为国教道的记忆与詹姆士二世推行天主教的政策之间存在明显冲突,最终成为辉格党发动光荣革命的借口。复辟王朝以查理之死为中心,构建了一种极度简化的集体记忆,试图主导民众的记忆内容,却只能暂时压制矛盾和仇恨,最终导致局面失控。这种高度政治化的集体记忆有利于初步实现民族和解,但其过度依赖单一叙事,缺乏包容性和变通性的特点,使它难以与动荡的政治局势相适应,反而使记忆塑造者落入自设的合法性陷阱。After the restoration of the Stuarts,the memory of the civil war which was centred on the death of King Charles I was shaped by political forces.In order to repair the cracks in the country,the Restoration Dynasty adopted a strategy of‘limited forgetting'or‘selective memory',which defined Charles I's death as a regicide caused by a rebellion of a few ambitious individuals,and the crime of regicide should be borne by a few traitors,such as Cromwell.Charles I was promoted as a martyr to the death of the state and the church,and an unquestionable authority of legitimacy.The memory of Charles I's death,which was shaped by the political power of the Restoration Dynasty,matched King James II's demand for succession and helped him smoothly ascend to the throne.However,there was a clear conflict between the memory of Charles I's martyrdom for the Church of England and James II's promotion of Catholicism,which ultimately became an excuse for the Whig Party to launch the Glorious Revolution.The Restoration Dynasty which was centred around the death of Charles I constructed an extremely simplified collective memory and attempted to dominate the memory content of the people,but could only temporarily suppress conflicts and hatred,ultimately leading to the situation spiralling out of control.This highly politicised collective memory is conducive to achieving initial national reconciliation.However,its excessive reliance on a single narrative and lack of inclusiveness and adaptability make it difficult to adapt to turbulent political situations and instead lead the creators of memory into their own legitimacy trap.

关 键 词：查理一世 斯图亚特王朝 记忆政治 集体记忆 光荣革命 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]