18-19世纪前期英国煤价生成机制及其影响  

Generation Mechanism and Influence of the British Coal Price in the 18^(th) and Early 19^(th) Centuries

作　　者：马涛 Ma Tao

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第3期112-132,166,167,共23页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“英国煤炭工业的兴起与发展研究(1500-1850)”(项目编号:23FSSB009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：18-19世纪前期是英国工业化的重要时期,与工业化相伴的是煤炭产业的大发展,并在此基础上形成了伦敦煤炭市场和内地煤炭市场。受交通、垄断组织等因素影响,伦敦煤市和内地煤市各有其独立的煤价生成机制。在伦敦煤市,煤价主要受到垄断组织的操控;在内地煤市,煤价则更多受交通因素的影响。当时英国的煤价体系实际上是伦敦煤价与内地煤价并存的煤价体系。伦敦煤价生成机制在保障伦敦能源供给的同时加剧了伦敦煤市的封闭性,导致内地煤难以进入伦敦煤市,只能寻求就地消化,也让长期享受高煤价红利的东北部忽视本地工业建设,因而经济逐渐衰落;内地煤价生成机制却触发了英国内陆交通大变革,引发煤炭产业地理格局的重构,在低煤价区孕育出以运河为依托的发达工业区。英国工业地理格局由此发生变化,地处煤价洼地的英格兰西北部开始崛起,成为英国工业化最快的地区,并对英国工业经济的崛起产生影响。In the 18^(th) and early 19^(th) centuries,a crucial period in the industrialisation of Britain,there was significant development in the coal industry,which was accompanied by the industrialisation process.That development led to the establishment of both the coal market of London and the inland coal market.Influenced by factors,such as transportation and monopolistic organisation,each market developed its distinct mechanism for coal pricing.In the coal market of London,coal prices were primarily controlled by monopolistic organisations,whereas in the inland coal market,coal prices were more influenced by transportation factors.During this period,coal prices of London and inland essentially coexisted in the coal pricing system in Britain.The generation mechanism of coal price of London ensured the stability of energy supply in London,but exacerbated the market closure,making it difficult for inland coal to enter the London market.Accordingly,it forced inland regions to seek alternative consumption strategies locally.It has also led to the gradual decline of the northeast region which had long enjoyed the dividends of high coal prices while neglecting local industrial development.The inland coal price generation mechanism triggered significant changes in Britain's inland transportation system,resulting in a restructure of the coal industry's geographical landscape and nurturing developed industrial areas depending on canal infrastructure in areas of low coal prices.The industrial geography of Britain underwent a transformation.Northwest of England located in the coal price trough began to rise and became the fastest industrialised region in Britain,exerting influence on the rise of the British industrial economy.

关 键 词：英国工业化 煤价生成机制 煤炭产业 煤炭市场 工业地理格局 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学] F416[历史地理—世界史]