长野朗的农本主义思想及其发展畸变——以近代性和反近代性为中心的考察  

Akira Nagano's Thought of Physiocracy and Its Distortion:A Study on Modernity and Anti-Modernity

作　　者：刘峰 Liu Feng

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第3期133-144,167,共13页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪的历史学和历史学家”(项目编号:19ZDA235);“二战后全球马克思主义史学理论文献的整理与研究”(项目编号:22&ZD250);“近代以来至二战结束期间日本涉华宣传史料的整理与研究”(项目编号20&ZD237)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代日本的农本主义,是日本传统社会遭受西方文明冲击、由传统农业社会向近代工商业社会转型过程中出现的“乡愁”,也是一种近代的产物。为了在高度西方化的近代社会探寻原本属于“东方的自我”并确立日本的主体性,长野朗将视线投向了中国。在数年旅华调查中,他重新“发现”了东方传统社会里存在的自治组织与自治运动。因此返回日本后,其别具特色的农本主义思想渐告形成。在其看来,农本主义应在经济上通过反资本主义追求自立,政治上通过反官僚主义追求自治,并致力于把自治运动自下而上扩大到全国规模。然而另一方面,他却坚持认为只有在国家力量的保障下,基层自治单位才有可能从无序的“自然态”走向有序的“组织体”。这说明长野朗的农本主义思想虽然看似具有寻找东方的“反近代性”,但实际上却是一种和近代性相互交融的产物。对西方制度、近代国家的有效性加以肯定,意味着其思想显露出了走向国本主义的趋势。Modern Japanese physiocracy is a nostalgia that emerged in the process of Japan's traditional society being impacted by the Western civilisation and transitioning from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial and commercial society.It is also a product of modern times.In order to explore the original‘Eastern self'and establish Japan's subjectivity in a highly Westernised modern society,Akira Nagano turned his attention to China.In his investigation in China for years,he rediscovered the autonomous organisation and movements that existed in the traditional Eastern societies.Accordingly,his unique thought of physiocracy gradually took shape after he returned to Japan.In his view,physiocracy should pursue independence economically through anti-capitalism and autonomy politically through anti-bureaucracy,and strive to expand the autonomy movement from bottom to top to the entire country.He also insisted that only with the guarantee of national power can local autonomous units move from a disorderly'natural state'to an orderly'organisational structure'This indicated that it was actually a product that blended with modernity though Nagano's thought of physiocracy may seem to have the anti-modernity of seeking the East.The affirmation of the effectiveness of the Western systems and modern countries implied the tendency of his thought moving towards nationalism.

关 键 词：近代日本 长野朗 农本主义 近代性 东方传统社会 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学]