世界贸易组织补贴规则的改革  

Reform of WTO Subsidy Rules

作　　者：张军旗[1] Zhang Junqi

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2024年第4期112-130,7,共20页International Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘逆全球化’风潮下国际贸易法治的困境、出路及中国的选择研究”(项目编号:18BFX207)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：补贴规则改革是世界贸易组织(WTO)多边贸易体制改革的重要组成部分。部分成员认为现有补贴规则不足以应对某些扭曲市场的补贴,提出了强化补贴规则的系列建议。其他一些成员则希望通过补贴规则的改革在避免贸易扭曲与实现正当政策目标之间寻找新的平衡。国际经济关系的变化也需要对一些补贴规则做出调整。现有补贴规则改革建议涉及《补贴与反补贴措施协定》中的补贴的认定及三大类补贴规则的调整等诸多方面,但其合理性程度不一。中国应反对对国有企业制定歧视性补贴规则,并考虑促进国内的市场化改革、为国际社会提供公共产品等因素,理性地权衡利弊得失,以积极、开放的态度参与补贴规则改革谈判。The reform of subsidy rules is an important part of the overall WTO multilateral trading system reform.Some members believe that existing subsidy rules are insufficient to address certain market distorting subsidies,and have proposed a series of suggestions on strengthening subsidy rules.Other members hope to find a new balance between avoiding trade distortions and achieving legitimate policy goals through the reform of subsidy rules.Some rules also need to be adjusted to adapt to changes in international economic relations.The existing reform proposals on subsidy rules involve various aspects,such as the recognition of subsidies and adjustments to the three major categories of subsidy rules in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures,but they have different levels of rationality.China should oppose the establishment of discriminatory subsidy rules for State-owned enterprises,consider promoting domestic market-oriented reform,and providing public goods to the international community;and it should rationally weigh the pros and cons and participate in subsidy rule reform negotiations with a positive and open attitude.

关 键 词：WTO 改革 补贴规则 禁止性补贴 可诉性补贴 不可诉补贴 

分 类 号：F743.1[经济管理—国际贸易]