磷基材料修复铅锌矿山重金属污染研究进展  

Research Progress in Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Lead-zinc Mines by Phosphorous-based Materials

作　　者：吴高阳 王磊[1,2] 余浪 肖亚楠 周金华 李云驹 陈忠 WU Gaoyang;WANG Lei;YU Lang;XIAO Yanan;ZHOU Jinhua;LI Yunju;CHEN Zhong(Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,650093,China;Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.,National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorous Resources Development and Utilization,Kunming,650600,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南磷化集团公司,国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650600

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2024年第4期122-132,共11页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：云南磷化集团有限公司磷资源开发利用工程技术研究分公司项目。

摘　　要：铅锌矿是典型的有色金属矿,铅锌矿的开采很容易产生重金属的污染。针对开采过程中形成的Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu等污染,磷基材料对其有很好的修复效果。文章对修复铅锌矿重金属污染的磷基材料进行了较为系统的总结。按照磷基物质来源,主要划分为天然物质和人工制剂两大类。磷基物质修复Pb的机制有吸附、表面络合以及形成沉淀等,以沉淀作用为主;修复Cd的机制主要为表面络合和共沉淀,较高的pH值使Cd更易形成沉淀;修复Zn、Cu、Ni的机制主要以表面配位、离子交换和生成非晶体物质为主。磷基材料修复铅锌尾矿重金属的影响因素非常多,影响方式也很复杂,包括各种阴阳离子、pH值、含磷物质的形态和用量、重金属的形态和初始浓度等。各影响因子对不同磷基物质修复效果的影响具有复杂性,这跟磷基物质的多样性,性质差异大有关。目前,磷基物质修复铅锌矿重金属污染的研究仍在理论探索层面,实际应用方面略显不足。未来需要对修复效果的影响因素及微界面过程进行进一步的研究,并加强实际应用推广。Lead-Zinc mine is a typical non-ferrous metal mine.It is easy to produce heavy metal pollution during mining activity.Previous researches have showed phosphorous based materials have good remedia-tion effect on heavy metal pollution formed in lead-zinc ore.Remediation of heavy metals by phosphorous based material is summarized systematically in this paper.All phosphorous based substance can be divided into natural and artificial substances,according to its source.The mechanisms of remediation of Pb by phos-phorous based substance include adsorption,surface coordination and precipitation,mainly precipitation.The main mechanisms of remediation of Cd by phosphorous based substance are surface complexation and co-precipitation,and higher pH value makes Cd more likely to precipitate.Surface coordination,ion exchange and formation of amorphous materials are the main mechanisms of Zn,Cu and Ni remediation.There are many factors affecting the remediation of heavy metals pollution in lead-zinc tailings by phophorous based materials,and the modes of the influence are also very complex,including various cations and anions,pH value,the form and amount of phosphorous-containing substances,the form and initial concentration of heavy metals,etc.Different phosphorous based substance showed the complexity of the influence factors on remediation to heavy metal pollution,which was related to the diversity of phophorous based substances and their properties.At present,the research on remediation of heavy metals pollution in lead-zinc ore by phosphorous based substances is still concentrated on the theoretical research,the practical application is slightly insufficient.In the future,the influencing factors of remediation effect and micro-interfacial proesses about heavy metal and phosphorous based substance need to be further researched,and practical promotion and application should be increased.

关 键 词：磷基材料 重金属污染修复 铅锌矿山 Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu重金属 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]