充气式橡胶坝的模型试验及有限差分研究  

Air-inflated Rubber Dam Based on Model Test and Finite Difference Method

作　　者：郭伟[1,2] 戴磊[2] 高鑫 郭文芳 任宇晓 GUO Wei;DAI Lei;GAO Xin;GUO Wen-fang;REN Yu-xiao(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点试验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第20期8681-8691,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(20 JCJQJC00220);国家自然科学基金(52171273,52108335);中国国家留学基金(202106250147)。

摘　　要：橡胶坝的挡水性能优越,兼具实用性与景观性,被广泛用在城市河流挡水闸坝和溢流坝等领域。充气式橡胶坝相比充水橡胶坝,安装和拆卸更为方便,但目前充气式橡胶坝采用查表法进行粗略设计,过程复杂且存在误差。鉴于此,设计大比尺模型试验测试充气式橡胶坝在充气、挡水条件下的坝袋截面形状和袋体张拉力分布特点。基于有限差分软件建立充气式橡胶坝的力学模型,通过大比尺模型试验和现行设计规范验证了该模型的准确性。分析充气式橡胶坝在挡水过程中横截面几何形状及尺寸、张拉力与上游水位及内部气压之间的关系。结果表明:坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随上游水位增大呈非线性增加;坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随上游水位增大呈非线性减小。设计工况下,坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随气压增加呈非线性增大,坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随气压增大呈非线性减小;坝袋张拉力与气压呈正比关系。基于Chapman-Richard曲线模型对设计工况下的几何尺寸、张拉力与内部气压间的关系进行拟合,提出橡胶坝简化设计计算公式,可用于充气式橡胶坝的设计计算。The rubber dam has superior water retaining ability,practicability,and a good landscape,which is widely used as urban river water retaining dam and weir.The air-inflated rubber dam is more convenient to install and dismantle than the water-inflated rubber dam.However,at present,the air-inflated rubber dam is roughly designed by the look-up table method,which is complicated and has errors.In view of this,a large scale model test was conducted to test the sectional shape and the tension of the air-inflated rubber dam under the conditions of inflation and water retaining.And a finite-difference model for the water-retaining ability of an air-inflated rubber dam was established,which was confirmed by large-scale model tests and existing design specifications.The relationship between the cross-section shapes and sizes,the tensions and the upstream water levels,and the internal air pressure of the rubber dam during the water retaining process was analyzed.The results show that the width B and contact width b nonlinearly increase with the increase of the upstream water levels,whereas the height H and cross-sectional area A decrease nonlinearly.Under the design conditions,the height H and cross-sectional area A nonlinearly increase with the increase of internal air pressure,whereas the width B and contact width b decrease nonlinearly.The tension T is proportional to the internal air pressure.Based on the Chapman-Richard model,the geometric dimensions,tensions and internal air pressure are fitted under the design conditions,and the simplified design calculation formulas are obtained,which can be used for the design of the air-inflated rubber dam project.

关 键 词：橡胶坝 充气式橡胶坝 挡水性能 模型试验 有限差分法 简易设计公式 

分 类 号：TV37[水利工程—水工结构工程]