研发竞争环境下政府价格补贴策略的优化与效果分析  

Analysis of the Improvement and Effects of Government Price Subsidy Strategies in R&D Competitive Environments

作　　者：王经略 Wang Jinglve(School of Economic and Management,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第14期1-15,共15页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划一般项目“创新补贴对科技型中小企业技术研发行为影响机理分析”(2023-CX-RKX-198)。

摘　　要：由于研发竞争处于供应链更上游的位置,因而对整个供应链的影响更为深远。研发竞争关系普遍存在且对政府选择合适的创新补贴政策提出新的挑战,但目前有关研究未在研发竞争环境下对政府的价格补贴策略进行分析。从政企决策的微观视角出发,把政府的价格补贴政策分为不补贴、补贴消费者估值高的产品、补贴消费者估值低的产品3种,运用纵向差异理论建立研发竞争环境下考虑创新活动特征的多主体博弈模型,分析政府价格补贴政策的适用条件,不同补贴政策对研发公司的研发投入、研发公司与生产商的期望收益以及不同产品的诸消费者剩余的影响。结果发现:竞争激烈程度和创新活动特征是决定补贴政策适用条件的重要因素,当补贴政策与适用条件相匹配时,社会福利增加,反之社会福利减少;政府的价格补贴对于相互竞争的研发公司而言会形成顾此失彼的局面,但所有的价格补贴政策都有助于提高生产商的期望收益;补贴对于诸消费者剩余的影响则与具体的补贴额度相关。基于此,建议政府在制定技术创新补贴政策时把反映创新活动的特征信息纳入补贴工作的考量范围,同时应考虑研发竞争关系,而且应从供应链的角度出发而非着眼于某一企业或某一环节,从而使创新补贴工作更为科学和精准。Due to the upstream position of R&D competition in the supply chain,it has a more profound impact on the entire supply chain.R&D competition is prevalent and poses new challenges for the government in selecting appropriate technology innovation subsidy policies.However,current research has not analyzed government price subsidy strategies under R&D competition.From a micro-perspective of government and enterprise decision-making,this paper divides government price subsidy policies into three categories:no subsidy,subsidizing products with high consumer valuation,and subsidizing products with low consumer valuation.Utilizing vertical differentiation theory,a multi-agent game model is established to consider the characteristics of innovation activities under R&D competition.The paper analyzes the applicability of government price subsidy policies,the impact of different subsidy policies on R&D investment by companies,the expected returns of R&D companies and the manufacturer,and the consumer surplus of different products.The research findings indicate that the intensity of competition and the characteristics of innovation activities are crucial factors determining the applicability of price subsidy policies.When price subsidy policies align with their applicability conditions,social welfare increases;otherwise,it decreases.Government price subsidies create a zero-sum situation for competing R&D companies,but all price subsidy policies help enhance the expected returns of manufacturers.The impact of subsidies on consumer surplus varies with the specific subsidy amount.Based on this,it is recommended that the government should include the characteristic information reflecting innovation activities into the scope of subsidy work when formulating the technology innovation subsidy policy,consider the research and development competition,and start from the perspective of supply chain rather than focusing on a certain enterprise or a link,so as to make the innovation subsidy work more scientific and accurate.

关 键 词：政府技术创新补贴 价格补贴 研发竞争 供应链 消费者剩余 补贴策略 政企决策 补贴政策 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] F224.32[文化科学] G301