ChatGPT介入下网络舆论极化风险的哲学省思  

Philosophical Reflection on the Risk of Network Opinion Polarization Under the Intervention of ChatGPT

作　　者：高明 刘皆成 杨智雄 GAO Ming;LIU Jiecheng;YANG Zhixiong(School of Marxism,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China;School of Marxism,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Joint Research Center for Chinese Government Development,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266590 [2]中国海洋大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266100 [3]南开大学中国政府发展联合研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期21-30,共10页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字资本主义视域下马克思剩余价值规律新特质研究”(21BKS120);教育部高校思想政治理论课教师研究项目“新时代‘智能思政课’的实践痛点与突破路径研究”(23JDSZK056)。

摘　　要：以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能凭借对人类自然语言的高度仿真,开启了人机对话新常态。然而,AI生成的语言具有“过去”的时间标签、“祛脸”的主体面相和“呈现”的内在功能等特征,其与面向“将来”、具有“脸面”、侧重“讲述”的人类语言之间依旧存在对立。正是这些对立化的特征,促使大语言模型以迎合用户的方式不断弱化人类语言的批判性,放大“常人”意见对用户的掌控,最终在资本逐利逻辑下,内含流量的极端化“常人”意见易被刻意纵容,诱发网络舆论非理性的极化风险。面对这一风险,需以“坚持正能量是总要求、管得住是硬道理、用得好是真本事”为根本,在拓展训练语料库规模、充分利用“专家系统”传统、健全相关针对性法律制度过程中,巩固壮大ChatGPT时代网络空间主流思想舆论,塑造主流舆论新格局。Generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT has opened a new normal of man-machine dialogue with its advanced simulation of human language.However,the language generated by AI has new characteristics,including the time label of “past”,the subject appearance of “face removal” and the internal function of “showing”.It is still opposed to the human language,which faces “future”,has “face”and focuses on “telling”.It is these antagonistic features that promote the big language model to constantly tame the criticism of human language in the way of flattering users,and to amplify the control of “ordinary people” opinions over users.Finally,under the capital profit-seeking logic,the extreme “ordinary people” opinion which contains traffic is deliberately indulged,inducing the irrational polarization risk of network public opinion.In the face of this risk,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of “positive energy is the general requirement,management is the absolute truth,and good usage is the true skill ”.And it is suggested to consolidate and strengthen the mainstream thoughts and public opinion in cyberspace in the ChatGPT era,and to shape a new pattern of mainstream public opinion in the process of expanding the scale of the training corpus,making full use of “expert system” tradition and improving the relevant targeted legal system.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 人机对话 技术语言 网络舆论极化 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]