陕西省近年油菜选育品种性状演变  

Character Evolution of Rapeseed Breeding Varieties in Shaanxi Province in Recent Years

作　　者：董朝阳 张晓莉 曹小东 DONG Zhaoyang;ZHANG Xiaoli;CAO Xiaodong(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第8期14-18,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023ZY1-QYCX-03)。

摘　　要：为给广大育种工作者提供清晰的油菜育种思路和有路径遵循的育种方向,对陕西省杂交油菜研究中心2018-2023年期间登记油菜品种的主要性状进行统计分析。结果表明,2018-2023年该单位登记的甘蓝型油菜数量有所增加,登记品种类型趋于多元化,其中2018-2023年春性和半冬性油菜品种占比从57.14%和42.86%减少为35.29%和11.76%,冬性品种从0%增加到52.94%;株高、千粒重整体表现为增长趋势,其年际间变化率分别为8.31%和14.40%,一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数整体表现为减少趋势,其年际间变化率分别为-13.35%和-11.22%,每角粒数整体保持稳定,年际间变化率仅为-1.26%;年均含油量46.18%~48.24%,最大为50.38%,年均食用油芥酸含量呈现上升趋势,年均硫苷含量整体表现稳定,但都符合国家双低油菜的标准。产量在2018-2023年变异系数均大于10%,但各年间平均产量变动幅度不大,较为稳定,各品种都具有较强的产量稳定性。随着育种技术的发展,主流育种思路已转变为培育以早熟机收、高产高油、抗倒抗病为主的多功能型油菜品种。In order to provide clear breeding ideas and path following breeding directions for rapeseed breeders,the author conducted statistical analysis on the main traits of rapeseed varieties registered by the Shaanxi Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center from 2018 to 2023.The results showed that the number of registered Brassica napus varieties in the unit increased from 2018 to 2023,and the types of registered varieties tended to be diversified.Among them,the proportion of spring and semi winter rapeseed varieties decreased from 57.14%and 42.86%to 35.29%and 11.76%,while winter varieties increased from 0%to 52.94%;The overall trend of plant height and thousand grain weight was increasing,with interannual variation rates of 8.31%and 14.40%,respectively.The number of effective branches and effective pods per plant was decreasing,with interannual variation rates of-13.35%and-11.22%,respectively.The number of pods per pod remains stable,with an interannual variation rate of only-1.26%;The annual average oil content was 46.18%-48.24%,with the maximum of 50.38%.The annual average edible oil content showed an upward trend,and the annual average glucosinolate content was generally stable,but it meets the national standard for double low rapeseed.The coefficient of variation of yield in each year was greater than 10%,but the average yield change in each year was not significant and relatively stable.All varieties have strong yield stability.It can be seen that with the development of breeding technology,the mainstream breeding approach has shifted to cultivating multifunctional rapeseed varieties that focus on early maturing and machine harvesting,high yield and oil content,and resistance to lodging and disease.

关 键 词：油菜 育种思路 品种登记 经济性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]