一年生野生大豆地理分布研究情况  

Research on Geographical Distribution of Annual Wild Soybean

作　　者：魏然 崔杰印[1] 杨树 张武[1,2] 项鹏 位昕禹[1] 王舒 李敏[1] WEI Ran;CUI Jieyin;YANG Shu;ZHANG Wu;XIANG Peng;WEI Xinyu;WANG Shu;LI Min(Heihe Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe 164300,China;Heihe Harmful Organisms Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province,Heihe 164300,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300 [2]黑龙江省黑河有害生物野外科学观测研究站,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第8期101-108,共8页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重大需求科技创新攻关项目(CX23ZD03);科技创新2030——重大项目(2023ZD0403104);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B016);全国第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与搜集行动(19210044);黑龙江省呼玛县、逊克县作物种质资源系统调查与抢救性搜集(19221822)。

摘　　要：一年生野生大豆(Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc.)是国家二级重点保护野生植物,具有早熟性、蛋白质含量高、环境适应能力强以及异黄酮、皂苷等营养活性物质含量高等优点。开展一年生野生大豆资源考察、搜集、研究和利用工作,对于培育大豆新品种和保存遗传多样性具有重要意义。本文通过整理综述国内外相关研究,详细介绍了一年生野生大豆在我国境内的分布情况,对一年生野生大豆在我国遗传多样性中心的相关研究,以及3次全国性野生大豆资源考察工作的基本情况与成果,并按照我国地理划分对我国各地区局部一年生野生大豆考察和搜集工作进行了阐述。此外,对在俄罗斯、日本、韩国一年生野生大豆的分布、生长环境和资源考察搜集工作情况也进行了详细介绍。分析得出,一年生野生大豆在我国分布范围广泛,生长环境类型丰富。目前,对于一年生野生大豆在我国遗传多样性中心主要观点包括南方中心、北方中心以及多中心等多种观点。根据对俄罗斯、日本、韩国一年生野生大豆的分布、生长环境和资源考察及搜集工作情况分析可知,一年生野生大豆在日本和朝鲜半岛范围内分布较为广泛。在俄罗斯分布在远东地区的阿穆尔州,哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区以及滨海边疆区。一年生野生大豆在不同地区生长环境相似,在潮湿、水源附近分布较集中,在不同地区的考察中多次发现因人为原因导致一年生野生大豆栖息地面积减少,甚至种群濒危的情况。因此,一年生野生大豆种群保护工作十分必要。Annual wild soybean(Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc.)is a national second level key protected wild plant,which has the advantages of early maturity,high protein content,strong environmental adaptability,and high content of nutritional active substances such as isoflavones and saponins.Conducting investigations,collection,research,and utilization of one-year wild soybean resources is of great significance for cultivating new soybean varieties and preserving genetic diversity.This article summarized relevant research both domestically and internationally,and provides a detailed introduction to the distribution of annual wild soybeans in China.Previous studied on the genetic diversity of annual wild soybeans in China's genetic diversity center,as well as the basic situation and achievements of three national wild soybean resource surveys,were also presented.Based on the geographical division of China,the local annual wild soybean surveys and collection work in various regions of China were elaborated in detail.In addition,a detailed introduction was given to the distribution,growth environment,resource investigation,and collection of annual wild soybeans in Russia,Japan,and South Korea.Through this review,it can be seen that annual wild soybeans are widely distributed in China and have a variety of growth environment types.At present,the main views on the genetic diversity of annual wild soybeans in China include the southern center,northern center,and multi center.According to the analysis of the distribution,growth environment,resource investigation,and collection work of annual wild soybeans in Russia,Japan,and South Korea,it can be concluded that annual wild soybeans are widely distributed in Japan and the Korean Peninsula.In Russia,they are distributed in Amur Oblast,Khabarovsk Krai,and coastal Krai in the Far East.The growth environment of annual wild soybeans is similar in different regions,and they are concentrated near humid and water sources.In different regions,it has been found that human factors have led t

关 键 词：野生大豆 地理分布 资源考察 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]