秸秆生物炭还田促进作物氮吸收的机理  

Mechanism of Promoting Crop Nitrogen Absorption by Straw-biochar Returning to Field

作　　者：程龙 张新 CHENG Long;ZHANG Xin(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430010)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第15期96-105,共10页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：生物炭含有一定量的养分元素,还田后可以促进作物生长,其培肥土壤的作用也逐渐受到重视。生物炭作为一种外源添加物,还田后还可以引起土壤物理、化学性质的变化,影响微生物的生长代谢以及群落结构,从而影响作物对氮元素的吸收。以植物的吸氮行为为切入点,根据已有关于生物炭还田促进作物生长的研究进行归纳总结,综述了生物炭还田对土壤氮库储存、微生物氮循环、挥发性氮流失以及土壤氮淋溶的影响。调研发现,生物炭还田不仅可以直接提供有效态氮供作物吸收利用,其自身的特殊结构对减少氮淋失和增加土壤氮库储存都具有一定的积极影响。同时系统总结了秸秆生物炭还田对作物氮吸收的影响,以期为优质还田生物炭的制备提供参考。Biochar contains a certain number of nutrient elements,which can promote crop growth after returning to the field,and its role in fertilizing soil has been paid more and more attention to.As an exogenous additive,biochar can also cause changes in soil physicochemical properties,affect the growth and metabolism of microorganisms,as well as the community structure,then affect the nitrogen absorption by crops.Based on the existing researches on promoting crop growth by biochar returning to field,this paper took plant nitrogen absorption behavior as the starting point,summarized the effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen storage,microbial nitrogen cycling,volatile nitrogen loss and soil nitrogen leaching.It was found that the biochar returning to field could not only directly provide available nitrogen for crop utilization,but also had a certain positive impact on reducing nitrogen leaching and increasing soil nitrogen storage due to its unique structure.Meanwhile,this paper systematically summarized the effect of straw-biochar returning to field on crop nitrogen absorption,in order to provide references for the preparation of high-quality biochar for returning to field.

关 键 词：秸秆 生物炭 作物 氮吸收 土壤理化性质 迁移转化 机理 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X712