西南天山陆相砂砾岩型铜铅锌矿床成矿特征与成矿作用研究进展  

General Characteristics and Research Progresses in Metallogenesis of the Continental Sandstone-Hosted Cu-Pb-Zn Deposits in the Southwest Tianshan

作　　者：赵路通 王京彬 王玉往[3] Zhao Lutong;Wang Jingbin;Wang Yuwang(Sino-Zijin Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361000,Fujian,China;Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中色紫金地质勘查(北京)有限责任公司,北京100012 [2]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建厦门361000 [3]北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司,北京100012

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2024年第4期1177-1198,共22页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家“305”科研项目(2015BAB05B04-03);国土资源部行业基金项目(201511016-02)。

摘　　要：西南天山造山带中—新生代沉积盆地(库孜贡苏盆地、乌鲁—乌恰盆地、柯坪盆地、库车盆地)发育包括乌拉根超大型铅锌矿床和萨热克大型铜矿床在内的一系列以沉积岩容矿的铜铅锌矿床,构成我国西北地区一条重要的贱金属成矿带。已有研究表明区域上沉积岩容矿型铜铅锌矿床主要包括砾岩型铜矿床、砂岩型铅锌矿床和砂岩型铜矿床3个类型,本文在简要介绍各类型矿床主要地质特征的基础上,重点总结了其在成矿时代、成矿流体性质和来源及成矿物质(金属和硫)来源等方面的研究进展。结果表明:区域上砾岩型铜矿床形成于早白垩世末,即形成于盆地构造转换期,砂岩型铅锌矿床和铜矿床形成于中新世晚期,其形成与大型逆冲推覆构造关系密切。砾岩型铜矿床成矿流体以有机流体为主,砂岩型铅锌矿床成矿流体以盆地建造水为主,而砂岩型铜矿床成矿流体则表现为有机流体和盆地建造水混合的特征,成矿过程有大气降水的加入。造山带物质和沉积硫酸盐是区内各类型矿床金属及硫的主要来源。本文指出应加强砂岩型铜矿床成矿年代和砂岩型铅锌矿床成矿作用的研究,以及与新发现的海相砂岩型铜矿床的对比研究。A great number of sediment-hosted Cu-Pb-Zn deposits,including the ultra-large Uragen Pb-Zn deposit and the large Sareke Cu deposit,are found in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins(Kuzigongsu basin,Wulu-Wuqia basin,Keping basin and Kuqa basin)within the southwest Tianshan orogeny.These basins compose a significant base mental metallogenic belt in NW China.Numerous studies suggest that those deposits mainly include three types:The conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits,the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits,and the sandstone-hosted Cu deposits.Based on the main geological characteristics of each deposit type,this paper summarizes the research progress concerning the ore-forming ages,nature and source of the ore-forming fluids,and material source(metals and S).Results indicate that the conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits were formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous during the basin tectonic transition.The sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn and Cu deposits were formed in the Late Miocene and were both closely related to large retrograde thrust tectonics.The ore-forming fluid of conglomerate-hosted Cu deposits dominated by organic fluids,the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits by basin brine,and sandstone-hosted Cu deposits by a mixture of organic fluids and basin brine,with atmospheric precipitation contributing to the ore-forming process.The orogenic zone materials and the sedimentary sulfate are the main sources of metals and S for all deposit types in this region.This paper suggests enhancing research on the ore-forming age of sandstone-hosted Cu deposits,mineralization of the sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits,and comparative study with newly discovered marine sandstone-hosted Cu deposits.

关 键 词：西南天山造山带 砾岩型矿床 砂岩型矿床 铜铅锌矿床 成矿作用 成矿时代 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.4[天文地球—地质学]