围产期饲粮中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯和N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对奶牛产奶性能和血浆代谢组的影响  

Effects of Dietary 2-Hydroxy-4-Methionine Isopropyl and N-Carbamylglutamate During Perinatal Period on Milk Production Performance and Plasma Metabolome of Dairy Cows

作　　者：刘乐 何丽丽 马楠[1] 樊希雅 刘帅[1] 王琨 王玲[1] LIU Le;HE Lili;MA Nan;FAN Xiya;LIU Shuai;WANG Kun;WANG Ling(College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区畜牧站,银川750002

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第7期4375-4387,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目《基于稳定同位素技术提高奶牛低蛋白日粮精准饲喂的研究与应用》(2023BCF01035);宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项《优质高产奶牛选育》(2019NYYZ05)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究围产期饲粮中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)和N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对奶牛产奶性能、血浆差异代谢物和代谢通路的影响。选择年龄、胎次、体况、上一胎次产奶量及预产期相接近的围产期母牛100头,随机分为2组,每组50头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+30 g/d的HMBi+20 g/d的NCG。试验期为42 d,其中围产前期21 d,围产后期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组产后第21天产奶量显著提高(P<0.05),乳脂产量有增加趋势(P=0.09),乳尿素氮含量有降低趋势(P=0.07),乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和体细胞数差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组奶牛血浆代谢组中有17个代谢物上调,15个代谢物下调,主要富集在亚油酸代谢、维生素的消化和吸收代谢、丙酮酸代谢、维生素B 6代谢、不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成等代谢途径。由此可见,围产期饲粮中添加HMBi和NCG可以提高奶牛产奶量和乳脂产量,降低乳尿素氮含量,增强机体抗氧化能力和免疫能力,改善机体脂质代谢,缓解能量负平衡。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary 2-hydroxy-4-methionine isopropyl(HMBi)and N-carbamylglutamate(NCG)during perinatal period on milk production performance,plasma differential metabolites and metabolic pathways of dairy cows.One hundred perinatal cows with similar age,parity,body condition,milk yield in previous parity and expected date of birth were randomly divided into 2 groups with 50 cows in each group.The control group fed a basal diet,and the test group fed the basal diet+30 g/d·HMBi+20 g/d·NCG.The experiment lasted for 42 days,including 21 days in the early perinatal period and 21 days in the late perinatal period.The results showed that compared with the control group,the milk yield of test group at postpartum day 21 was significantly increased(P<0.05),the milk fat production was trend to increase(P=0.09),the milk urea nitrogen content was trend to decrease(P=0.07),and there were no significant differences in milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,milk protein production and milk somatic cell count(P>0.05);there were 17 metabolites up-regulated and 15 metabolites down-regulated in plasma metabolites of cows of test group,mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism,vitamin digestion and absorption metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,vitamin B 6 metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.It is concluded that dietary HMBi and NCG during perinatal period can increase the milk yield and milk fat production,reduce the milk urea nitrogen content,enhance the antioxidant and immune capacities,improve lipid metabolism and alleviate negative energy balance of dairy cows.

关 键 词：奶牛 围产期 蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯 N-氨甲酰谷氨酸 产奶性能 血浆代谢组 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]