早期补饲对舍饲肉用犊牛生长性能和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of Early Supplementary Feeding on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Barn-Feeding Beef Calves

作　　者：李琦 徐均钊 马建飞 包俊杰 牛化欣[1] LI Qi;XU Junzhao;MA Jianfei;BAO Junjie;NIU Huaxin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科技学院,通辽028000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第7期4413-4427,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关项目(2023YFDZ0068,2021GG0035,2020GG0108);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划(NJYT22054);内蒙古民族大学肉牛科技创新团队项目资助。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究早期补饲对舍饲肉用犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和肠道菌群及功能的影响。选用同一批次头胎肉用母牛所产健康新生犊牛30头(母犊牛16头、公犊牛14头),初生重(42.38±0.89)kg,随机分为2组(对照组与早期补饲组),每组15头(母犊牛8头、公犊牛7头),肉用母牛-犊牛(母子一体)单栏饲喂。对照组:犊牛随母哺乳,断奶前不补饲任何饲料;早期补饲组:犊牛随母哺乳,随日龄增加适时适量补饲颗粒开食料与优质燕麦干草。试验共持续42 d。结果显示:1)早期补饲组犊牛42日龄时体重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其他日龄体重2组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05);早期补饲组犊牛各日龄阶段的平均日增重均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2)体尺指数方面,仅42日龄时早期补饲组胸围指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他日龄各体尺指数2组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)早期补饲组犊牛的腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),粪便评分2组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,早期补饲组犊牛肠道菌群的Simpson指数显著增加(P<0.05),Chao1指数显著降低(P<0.05);早期补饲组犊牛肠道菌群中粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),艾克曼菌属(Akkermansia)的相对丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并出现少量普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)与丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)。5)肠道菌群功能预测显示,早期补饲组犊牛肠道菌群功能中嘧啶核苷残基超途径、鸟苷核糖核苷酸从头生物合成、尿嘧啶核苷酸生物合成的丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。由此得出,早期补饲可促进舍饲肉用犊牛的生长发育,改善肠道菌群结构,促进氨基酸、能量代谢,降低腹泻率,便于实施早期断奶。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of early supplementary feeding on growth performance,diarrhea rate,intestinal microflora and function of barn-feeding beef calves.Thirty healthy newborn calves(16 female calves and 14 male calves)with birth weight of(42.38±0.89)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups(control group and early supplementary feeding group),with 15 calves(8 female calves and 7 male calves)in each group.Beef cows and calves(mother and calf together)are fed in single pens.In the control group,calves suckled with their mothers and were not fed any feed before weaning;in the early supplementary feeding group,calves were suckled by their mothers,supplemented with granulated starter and high-quality oat hay at appropriate time and with increasing age.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)the body weight of calves in early supplementary feeding group at 42 days of age was extremely significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in body weight at other days of age between control group and early supplementary feeding group(P>0.05);the average daily gain of calves in early supplementary feeding group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group at each day of age(P<0.01).In terms of body size indexes,the chest circumference index in early supplementary feeding group was significantly higher than that in control group at 42 days of age(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in other body size indexes at each day of age(P>0.05).3)The diarrhea rate of calves in early supplementary feeding group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in fecal score between control group and early supplementary feeding group(P>0.05).4)Compared with the control group,Simpson index and Chao1 index of intestinal flora of calves in early supplementary feeding group were significantly increased(P<0.05)and significantly decreased(P<0.05),respectively;th

关 键 词：肉用犊牛 早期补饲 生长性能 腹泻率 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学] S823[农业科学—畜牧学]