清代西藏八思巴字印章初探  

A Preliminary Study of the Seal with the'Phags pa Script in Tibet during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：朱德涛 Zhu Detao(Sichuan Police College,Chengdu)

机构地区：[1]四川警察学院

出　　处：《藏学学刊》2021年第2期335-356,465,共23页Journal of Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“西藏古代印章与汉藏各民族交往交流交融研究”(21CMZ045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：八思巴字印章是清朝西藏地方官印中非常盛行的一种印章类型。对这类印章的印文释读、性质特点与历史涵意,学界尚存一些隔膜和误区,缺乏系统深入研究。文章结合文物、档案及文献资料对清朝西藏官方使用过的八思巴字印章的印面文字、形制特点、功能使用和出现原因等问题进行考证和分析后认为,八思巴字印章不属于清朝中央政府颁授西藏的印信体系,而是西藏地方上的自制印章,它被西藏的僧俗人员广泛使用于西藏地方的政教事务之中。八思巴字印章之所以在清代西藏地方上盛行,是由清廷默认支持的官方态度、当时西藏地方特殊的政治形势及其历史传统等多元因素相结合的产物。对以上问题的探讨将有助于我们更加深入地理解和认识清代西藏地方上的官印制度及其政治特点,具有一定的学术价值和研究意义。The seal with the'Phags pa script is a very popular type of seal in the Tibetan local official seal system during the Qing Dynasty.There are still some gaps and misunderstandings in academic circles about the interpretation,the characteristic features and the historical meaning of this kind of seals,and there is a lack of systematic in-depth research.This article combines the relevant cultural relics,archival and literary materials to examine and analyze the seal-characters,their shape,and the function and origin of the seals with the'Phags pa script that were officially used in the Qing dynasty.It is believed that these seals did not belong to the awards given by the Qing government,but rather that they were an indigenous Tibetan tradition.They were widely used by Tibetan monks and officials in the political and religious affairs in Tibet.The reason why these seals were so popular in Tibet at that time involves a combination of multiple factors such as the official attitude of the Qing court’s tacit support,the special political situation in Tibet,and its historical traditions.The discussion of the above issues will help us to understand the official seal system more deeply and its political characteristics in Tibet during the Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：西藏地方 清代西藏 印面 多元因素 文献资料 形制特点 政治形势 印章 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]