长期施用生物炭对棕壤养分及腐殖质组分的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Application of Biochar on Nutrients,Fractions of Humic in Brown Soil

作　　者：王庆阳 曹殿云 王迪 詹增意 贺婉莹 孙强 陈温福[1] 兰宇 WANG QingYang;CAO DianYun;WANG Di;ZHAN ZengYi;HE WanYing;SUN Qiang;CHEN WenFu;LAN Yu(Agronomy College,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Liaoning Biochar Professional Technology Innovation Center/Liaoning Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory,Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院/农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室/辽宁省生物炭专业技术创新中心/辽宁省生物炭技术工程实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第13期2612-2622,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500604-03);辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(Z20210119);辽宁省百千万人才工程项目(Z20210310);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080104)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期施用生物炭对棕壤养分含量及腐殖质组分含量的影响,为评价生物炭在提高土壤肥力水平和调控土壤腐殖质组成及稳定性方面的长效作用提供科学依据。【方法】以生物炭田间定位试验为基础,采用随机区组设计,设置4个施炭量处理:0(CK)、15.75 t·hm^(-2)(BC1)、31.50 t·hm^(-2)(BC2)和47.25 t·hm^(-2)(BC3),分别测定生物炭施用4年和8年后土壤有机碳(SOC)、氮磷钾速效养分、氮磷钾全量养分以及土壤富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)含量。【结果】施用生物炭可提高SOC含量,BC1、BC2、BC3处理SOC含量较CK处理提高了37.35%—72.97%。施用生物炭显著提高了土壤速效钾(AK)含量,与CK处理相比,BC1、BC2和BC3处理土壤AK含量较CK处理分别提高了11.67—14.00、19.33—22.33和12.33—35.33 mg·kg-1。施用生物炭对土壤全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、全磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)和全钾(TK)含量影响不大(除个别处理)。施用生物炭显著提高了土壤HA、可溶性腐殖质(HE)和HM含量。与CK处理相比,BC1、BC2和BC3处理土壤HA含量分别提高了39.68%—40.91%、30.91%—50.79%和34.55%—57.14%。BC1、BC2和BC3处理土壤HE含量较CK处理分别提高18.02%—29.74%、16.81%—30.48%和15.92%—24.91%。与CK处理相比,BC1、BC2和BC3处理土壤HM含量分别提高了48.39%—58.94%、13.57%—89.23%和82.36%—105.82%。施用生物炭4年后对土壤FA含量无显著影响,但施用生物炭8年后显著提高了土壤FA含量,BC1、BC2和BC3处理较CK处理分别提高了22.01%、30.19%和18.24%。在2016年,各施炭处理提高了土壤HA/HE和HA/FA,但降低了HE/HM,但在2020年,仅BC1处理显著提高了土壤HA/FA,BC3处理显著降低了HE/HM。通过冗余和相关分析表明,SOC、TK、AK、TP和AP与腐殖质组分含量存在显著的正相关关系;SOC和TK与土壤腐殖质的稳定性呈显著正相关关系,但土壤SOC、AK、TP和AP与土壤腐殖质的活性呈显著负相关关系。�【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term application of biochar on nutrient content and humus component content in brown soil,so as to provide the scientific basis for evaluating the long-term effects of biochar on improving soil fertility level and regulating soil humus composition and stability.【Method】Based on the field positioning experiment of biochar,using a randomized block design four carbon application treatments were set up:0(CK),15.75 t·hm^(-2)(BC1),31.5 t·hm^(-2)(BC2)and 47.25 t·hm^(-2)(BC3).The soil organic carbon,available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrients,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrients and soil fulvic acid(FA),humic acid(HA),humin(HM)content were measured after 4 and 8 years of biochar application,respectively.【Result】The application of biochar could increase the SOC content,and the SOC content under BC1,BC2,and BC3 treatments increased by 37.35%to 72.97%than that under CK treatment.The application of biochar significantly increased the soil available potassium(AK)content;compared with CK treatment,the soil AK content of BC1,BC2 and BC3 treatments increased by 11.67-14.00 mg·kg-1,19.33-22.33 mg·kg-1 and 12.33-35.33 mg·kg-1,respectively.The application of biochar had little effect on soil total nitrogen(TN),alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP)and total potassium(TK)content(except for individual treatments).The application of biochar significantly increased the content of soil HA,humus-extractable(HE),and HM.Compared with CK treatment,the soil HA content under BC1,BC2,and BC3 treatments increased by 39.68%-40.91%,30.91%-50.79%and 34.55%-57.14%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the soil HA content under BC1,BC2,and BC3 treatments increased by 39.68%-40.91%,30.91%-50.79%and 34.55%-57.14%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the soil HE content of BC1,BC2 and BC3 treatments increased by 18.02%-29.74%,16.81%-30.48%and 15.92%-24.91%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the soil HM

关 键 词：生物炭 棕壤 富里酸 胡敏酸 胡敏素 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]