中国急需从大陆农业转型跨海农业  

China Urgently Needs to Transform from Mainland Agriculture to Cross-Sea Agriculture

作　　者：任继周[1] 焦宏[2] 杨瑞雪 胥刚[1] 赵安 REN JiZhou;JIAO Hong;YANG RuiXue;XU Gang;ZHAO An(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology/State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;Farmers’Daily,Beijing 100025)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院/草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点试验室,兰州730020 [2]农民日报社,北京100025

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第13期2698-2702,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：中国凭借特殊地理优势,建立了大陆型农业国家。国土面积近千万平方公里,自秦汉至明朝人口从未超过8 000万,号称“地大物博”。但到19世纪乾隆年间,人口骤增至4亿,国土面积已感狭蹙。新中国建国初期,人口为6.5亿,2020年第7次人口普查为14.4亿。人均水土资源仅为世界水平的1/3到1/4,已属资源贫国。仅靠国内资源求得温饱已属不易,更难得小康水平。尽管科技创新有巨大潜力,但水土资源短缺的困境已迫在眉睫。近一个半世纪以来,中国农业文明与世界工业文明相撞的历史悲剧,提醒我们要突破陆地农业养成的“海内即天下”的思维惯势,要扬帆出海。从“自给自足”的大陆农业转型为“共给共足”的跨海农业,建立以中国为本体,利用世界农业资源的世界农业共同体。中国急需建立将大陆农业转型为跨海农业的长远国策;建设全球农业数据库以应对国际食物市场需求变化;精准适时调整国内农业结构以减少国际贸易风险;尽早作出我国农业的全球战略部署。Relying on its special geographical advantages,China has established a continental agricultural country.Chinese land area was nearly 10 million square kilometers,while its population had never exceeded 80 million from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty,so known as“a vast territory with abundant resources”.However,during the Qianlong period in the 19th century,its population suddenly increased to 400 million,and the land area was already insufficient.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the population reached 650 million,and further reached 1.41 billion in 2020 based on The Seventh Census.The per capita water and soil resources are only about 1/3 to 1/4 of the world level,which making it a resource-poor country.It is not easy to obtain enough food and even more difficult to achieve a moderately prosperous lifestyle relying solely on domestic resources.The shortage of water and soil resources is an urgent problem despite the huge potential for technological innovation.In nearly a century and a half,the historical tragedy of the collision between China’s agricultural civilization and the world’s industrial civilization has reminded us to break through the mentality of“domestic is the world”fostered by land-based agriculture and to set sail to the sea.China needs to transform from“self-sufficient”mainland agriculture to“shared supply and common sustenance”cross-sea agriculture,establishing itself as the main base,utilizing the world’s agricultural resources,and building world agriculture.It is an urgent need to set up a long-term national policy in order to transform mainland agriculture into cross-sea agriculture,to build a global agricultural database in order to respond to the demand of the international food market,to adjust accurately and timely the domestic agricultural structure in order to reduce international trade risks,and to make a global strategic deployment as soon as possible for China’s agriculture.

关 键 词：跨海农业 大陆农业 世界农业共同体 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]