司法解释规制农地权利的体系证成  

Systematic Justification of Judicial Interpretation to Regulate Agricultural Land Rights

作　　者：陈小君[1] Chen Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第4期899-918,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(项目编号:22&ZD202)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：司法解释作为我国法律解释制度有机组成部分,属于民事裁判文书可以援引的裁判说理依据。以司法解释规制农地权利,可以在细化既有权利规则基础上丰富农地政策的私法实现路径、回应农地纠纷的司法审判困境,且有益于助力农地权利救济体系类型化,突破实体法和程序法、公法和私法的区隔,为农地政策的法律化提供过渡形式。当前,以《民法典》为核心的法律体系未能为农地权利规制提供充足法制供给。司法解释在农地权利规制上已有“作为”,然仍凸显出“无为”和“难为”特征。司法解释规制农地权利的体系展开应包括“应为”“慎为”“不为”三个面向。司法解释应着力细化当前涉农地权利法律条文的司法适用规则,谨慎填补立法留白但裁判亟需的实体权利规则,认真对待新型农地权利生成和既有农地权利物权化问题,恪守不与法律冲突、不明显缺乏适当性的底线。Judicial interpretations,as an integral part of China's legal interpretation system,serve as a basis for reasoning in civil judgments.Regulating agricultural land rights through judicial interpretation can enrich the pathways for the private law implementation of agricultural land policies by refining existing rights rules,addressing the judicial challenges in agricultural land disputes,and aiding in the categorization of agricultural land rights remedies.This approach can bridge the gaps between substantive and procedural law,as well as between public and private law,providing a transitional form for the legalization of agricultural land policies.Currently,the legal system centered around the Civil Code does not adequately regulate agricultural land rights.Although judicial interpretations have already played a role in regulating agricultural land rights,they still exhibit characteristics of inaction and difficulty.The proposed system for regulating agricultural land rights through judicial interpretation includes three aspects:"what should be done,""what should be done cautiously,"and"what should not be done."Judicial interpretations should focus on detailing the judicial application rules of current legal provisions related to agricultural land rights,cautiously filling legislative gaps with urgently needed substantive rights rules,seriously addressing the creation of new types of agricultural land rights and the transformation of existing agricultural land rights into property rights,while adhering to the principles of not conflicting with laws and not being evidently inappropriate.

关 键 词：农地权利 农地法制 司法解释 司法解释备案审查 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.32[政治法律—法学] D926