法律漏洞填补的原理与方法解析以《彩礼纠纷规定》为例  

Theories and Methods of Filling Legal Gaps An Example from the Rule on Betrothal Gift Disputes

作　　者：张新宝[1] Zhang Xinbao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第4期919-939,共21页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：《彩礼纠纷规定》是通过司法解释填补法律漏洞的实践范例,其基本符合漏洞填补的科学原理和方法,具有法学方法论上的重要借鉴价值。对于彩礼及其返还问题,我国相关民事法律无明确规定,存在漏洞。在立法机关未通过立法或立法解释填补彩礼规则漏洞的情况下,最高人民法院通过制定《彩礼纠纷规定》,运用法律解释的方法对其予以补充性填补。当代彩礼习惯和相关法理是用以填补彩礼漏洞的重要素材,将此等素材转化为裁判规则,需要遵循《民法典》特别是其婚姻家庭编的基本价值指引。《彩礼纠纷规定》基于婚姻自由原则、自愿原则、诚信原则、不违反法律与不违背公序良俗原则等法律原则,在正确适用法律行为解释规则和身份关系协议规则的基础上,对赠与合同规则和附条件民事法律行为规则予以变通,在法秩序框架内创设出符合彩礼关系性质、能够合理平衡当事人利益的具体规则。The Rule on Betrothal Gift Disputes is a practical example of filling legal gaps through judicial interpretation.It essentially conforms to the scientific principles and methods of gap filling and holds significant methodological value in legal studies.There are gaps in the relevant civil laws of China regarding the issues of betrothal gifts and their return,as there are no explicit provisions.In the absence of legislation or legislative interpretation by the legislative body to fill the gaps in the rules concerning betrothal gifts,the Supreme People's Court has flled these gaps by formulating the Rule on Betrothal Gift Disputes using the method of supplementary legal interpretation.Contemporary customs regarding betrothal gifts and related jurisprudence serve as important materials for filling these gaps.Transforming such materials into adjudicative rules requires adherence to the fundamental value guidance of the Civil Code,particularly its Marriage and Family section.The Rule on Betrothal Gift Disputes is based on legal principles such as the principle of freedom of marriage,the principle of voluntariness,the principle of good faith,the principle of non-violation of laws,and the principle of non-violation of public order and good morals.On the basis of correctly applying the rules of interpretation of legal acts and the rules of agreements on personal relationships,it adapts the rules of gift contracts and conditional civil legal acts.Within the framework of the legal order,it creates specific rules that align with the nature of betrothal gift relationships and can reasonably balance the interests of the parties involved.

关 键 词：法律漏洞填补 法律解释 彩礼规则 司法解释 习惯 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]