动产抵押登记对抗规则与优先顺位规则的体系关系  

Systematic Relationship between Registration Confrontation Rules and Priority Rules of Chattel Mortgage

作　　者：朱广新[1] Zhu Guangxin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第4期940-960,共21页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目编号:DF2023YS32)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：登记对抗规则是针对意思主义权利设立模式可能产生的担保交易风险,向动产抵押权人提供的一种可自主选择的交易安全保护机制。依其规范意义与功能,动产抵押权与以同一动产设立的其他担保物权之间的权利冲突是登记对抗规则的重要规范内容。以优先顺位规则为据,断言登记对抗规则中的第三人不包括担保物权人而主要是指抵押财产买受人与承租人的观点,严重限制了登记对抗规则的意义与功能。深入分析登记对抗规则与优先顺位规则在解决竞存动产抵押权之间权利冲突上的意义与功能可以发现,优先顺位规则是为化解竞存担保物权之间的权利冲突而不得不设置的规则,其目的不是改变、偏离或超越登记对抗规则,而是在登记对抗规则的基础上为担保交易提供客观的交易风险判断标准,以降低交易成本,便捷担保交易。The registration confrontation rule is an optional transaction security protection mechanism provided to the chattel mortgagee to address the potential risks of secured transactions that may arise from the right establishment model of consensualism.Based on its normative significance and function,resolving the conflicts between chattel mortgage rights and other security rights established on the same chattel is a key normative content of the registration confrontation rule.According to the priority rule,the assertion that third parties in the registration confrontation rule do not include security right holders but primarily refer to buyers and lessees of the mortgaged property severely limits the significance and function of the registration confrontation rule.A thorough analysis of the significance and function of the registration confrontation rule and the priority rule in resolving conflicts between competing chattel mortgage rights reveals that the priority rule is necessary to resolve conflicts between competing security rights.The purpose of the priority rule is not to change,deviate from,or surpass the registration confrontation rule but to provide an objective standard for assessing transaction risks in secured transactions based on the registration confrontation rule,to reduce transaction costs and facilitate secured transactions.

关 键 词：动产抵押权 登记对抗规则 优先顺位规则 善意 登记 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]