论著作权法中“合法来源抗辩”的正当性及范围  

On the Legitimacy and Scope of the "Legal Source Defense"in Copyright Law

作　　者：王迁[1] Wang Qian

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第4期981-1001,共21页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“媒体融合中的版权理论与运用研究”(项目编号:19ZDA330)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《著作权法》中“合法来源抗辩”能否适用于出租行为及对体现作品的商品(作品复制件)照片的网络展示,这与对“合法来源抗辩”的正当性解释有关。“合法来源抗辩”的正当性源于后续发行(转售复制件)的特征,即对他人制作并已首次发行的复制件购入后进行所有权转移的行为,缺乏获得著作权人直接许可的机制;转售者难以查明复制件的制作和首次发行是否合法,且其经营利益来自复制件进价与售价的差额,而非对脱离载体的作品的利用。因此将转售者的注意义务限于从合法渠道购入复制件具有正当性。《著作权法》对不涉及所有权转移的出租行为规定“合法来源抗辩”缺乏正当性,属于立法缺陷。转售者在网络平台中对商品照片的展示,附属于其转售行为,对其可准用“合法来源抗辩”。Whether the"legal source defense"under the Copyright Law can be applied to rental activities and the online display of photographs of goods embodying works(copies of works)is related to justification explanation of the"legal source defense".The legitimacy of the"legal source defense"stems from the characteristics of subsequent distribution(resale of copies),that is,the transfer of ownership after purchasing copies made and initially distributed by others,which lacks a mechanism for obtaining direct permission from the copyright holder.Resellers find it difficult to ascertain whether the production and initial distribution of the copies are legal,and their business profits come from the difference between the purchase and sale prices of the copies,rather than from the use of the work detached from its medium.Therefore,limiting the reseller's duty of care to ensure that the copies are purchased from legitimate channels is justified.The application of the"legal source defense"to rental activities,which do not involve the transfer of ownership,lacks legitimacy and represents a legislative flaw in the Copyright Law.But when resellers display photographs of goods on platforms,it is ancillary to their resale activities,and thus the"legal source defense"can be appropriately applied.

关 键 词：合法来源抗辩 发行权 出租权 注意义务 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]