菲利普·施特拉克对行为经济学和信息经济学的贡献--2024年度约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖得主学术贡献评介  

Philipp Strack's Contributions to Behavioral Economics and Information Economics

作　　者：罗俊 汪晓辉 LUO Jun;WANG Xiaohui(Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院,310018

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第6期150-160,共11页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY23G030003);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(23YJC790130)。

摘　　要：菲利普·施特拉克巧妙地运用数学工具将与信息相关的概念模型化,并运用到动态环境下的学习和信息传递等模型中,刻画了个体决策的时间不一致性、学习偏误和过度自信等情景对决策的影响,显著推动了行为经济学的发展。其构建的用于刻画信息成本函数和隐私等概念的公理化方法,在理性疏忽、决策理论、序贯抽样的瓦尔德模型、动态信息获取模型和概率论等方向都具有广泛的应用,也代表了信息设计领域的研究前沿。其开发的主序化约束下的求极值点问题的方法可以分析很多机制设计领域的基本问题。本文通过梳理施特拉克关于信息、隐私和学习等概念的数理化构建与模型拓展,概述相关公理和方法在行为经济学、信息设计和机制设计等方向的应用。施特拉克的学术贡献不仅仅从技术方法论上为以上研究领域提供了新见解,而且还突破了相关研究领域的局限并拓展了研究边界。The 2024 John Bates Clark Medal is awarded to Philipp Strack in recognition of his contributions to behavioral economics and information economics.This paper first introduces Strack's background,and then summarizes his contributions to studies of decision-making and behavioral economics,the measurement of information cost functions and application of these concepts,and the development of a new analytical approach to mechanism design.Firstly,in the fields of decision theory and behavioral economics,Strack and his collaborator expanded the theoretical model to study how the learning process,information collection,information update process,and decision-making speed affect the behavior of decision-makers in a dynamic environment,providing new explanations for the limitations of the traditional decision theory in terms of model and empirical measurement.On the issue of intertemporal decision-making time inconsistency,they pointed out that the present bias of individual choices can be identified by observing the completion time of tasks,which can be used to explain the phenomenon that a present-biased person may often excessively delay the completion of tedious tasks.Meanwhile,they constructed a general model to characterize the decision-making problem of individuals with misinterpreting themselves.For example,a smoker with self-present bias predicts that he will quit smoking soon,but eventually smokes more.Or,an employer with implicit racial bias may think that he is treating all applicants equally,and then end up with a racially unbalanced team.They also studied how overconfidence distorts beliefs and leads to bad actions with consequences not only at the individual level but also at a broader level,towards society,causing prejudice and racism.Secondly,based on the idea of Blackwell's experiment,they developed an axiomatic theory of information acquisition that captured the idea of constant marginal costs in information production and derived three axioms:(1)the monotonicity axiom(experiments with more precise infor

关 键 词：菲利普·施特拉克 行为经济学 机制设计 信息设计 

分 类 号：F069.9[经济管理—政治经济学] F062.5