被遮蔽的从属性:“互联网+劳动关系”的关键内核及其协调策略--以外卖骑手作为观察对象  

The Obscured Subordination:the Key Core of"Internet+labor Relationships"and Its Coordination Strategy--Taking Fast Delivery Persons as the Object of Observation

作　　者：郑文睿[1] ZHENG Wenrui

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院法学研究所,四川成都610071

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第8期20-30,共11页Political Science and Law

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学规划“法治四川”专项一般项目“新业态从业者劳动报酬权益合理保障的法律问题研究”(项目编号:SC23FZ006)的研究成果。

摘　　要：围绕外卖骑手与互联网平台之间能否形成劳动法意义上的劳动关系,存在着否定性意见、肯定性意见、观望性意见三种差异化观点。从实然状态来看,在表象上,互联网平台与专送骑手和众包骑手之间均不存在或难以存在从属性。从应然状态来看,一方面,外卖骑手不仅仅在现实世界中的流通环节提供送餐行为,更在与之平行的虚拟世界或数字世界的生产环节中生产具有价值的数据,另一方面,人的逻辑和算法逻辑的冲突,背后的“从属性”实像被互联网及技术所遮蔽和掩盖,由此亟待揭开互联网平台与外卖骑手之间的“隐蔽从属性”并适用劳动法调整。但即使立法层面采纳“隐蔽从属性”的观点和理由,确认互联网平台与外卖骑手之间存在劳动关系,也依旧需要对劳动法进行一个相当程度甚至颠覆性的改造和重塑。同时,辅之严禁“最严算法”、适用“算法取中”、实现“算法透明”、发挥“算法伦理”,以充分塑造“新”的劳动秩序。There are three different views on whether or not a labor relationship can be formed between a fast delivery person and an Internet platform in the sense of the Labor Law:negative one,positive one and wait-and-see one.From the actual state,on the surface,there is no subordination or it is hard to constitute subordination between Internet platforms and special fast delivery persons or crowd-sourced fast delivery persons.From the should-be state,on the one hand,fast delivery persons not only provide food delivery in the circulation link of the real world,but also produce valuable data in the production link of the virtual world or digital world parallel to the real world;on the other hand,the conflict between human logic and algorithmic logic,and the underlying real image of"subordination"is obscured and concealed by the Internet and technology,so it is urgent to uncover the"covert subordination"between the Internet platforms and fast delivery persons and apply the Labor Law to regulate their relations.However,even if the legislation adopts the view of and reasons for"covert subordination"and confirms that there is a labor relationship between an Internet platform and a fast delivery person,it is necessary to reform and reshape the Labor Law to a considerable even subversive degree.At the same time,it is necessary to strictly prohibit the"strictest algorithm",apply"algorithmic median",achieve"algorithm transparency",and leverage"algorithm ethics"to fully shape a"new"labor order.

关 键 词：隐蔽从属性 外卖骑手 互联网平台 强控制 技术掩盖 

分 类 号：DF472[政治法律—民商法学]