全国人大及其常委会立法授权的类型与价值  

On the Types and Value of Legislative Delegation by the National People's Congress and Its Standing Committee

作　　者：李云霖[1] LI Yunlin

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第8期83-99,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目“全过程民主视域下省政府规章的立法权限研究”(项目编号:21YBA108);国家社会科学基金项目“全国人大及其常委会授权的原理与案例集成研究”(项目编号:15BFX076);国家社会科学基金项目“生态环境保护区域协同立法体制机制研究”(项目编号:23BFX106)的研究成果。

摘　　要：全国人大及其常委会立法授权是制定、修改、废止、解释法律和编纂法典等立法权基本配置机制以外的非常态化规则输出机制。对全国人大及其常委会立法授权的一体探讨,既忽视了立法授权的历史变迁,也忽视了立法授权不同的法律渊源与实践诉求,更忽略了不同的授权对象以及彼此相互区分的事实。根据我国《宪法》和《立法法》《香港特别行政区基本法》《澳门特别行政区基本法》等宪法性法律,全国人大及其常委会立法授权实践发展出了授权制定法律规范、授权暂调法律和授权区域治理三种相对独立的主要类型。最高国家权力机关立法授权的三种主要类型是直面中国经验、继承授权传统而构建的,在授权主体、授权监督等方面确实存在共通之处,但在授权时是否存在相关法律、授权时权力是否转移、授权事项范围、受权主体范围以及授权运行过程等方面都存在明显不同。针对全国人大及其常委会立法授权的类型化探讨,阐释了因应各种特殊需要的授权制度实践与完善,明晰了实践理性类型化适用于法治与改革的具体情境,丰富了实践基础上国家制度创新的治理现代化路径,展示了中国立法授权制度发展的继承性、民族性与开拓性。Legislative delegation by the National People's Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee is an atypical mechanism apart from the basic mechanism for the allocation of legislative power,including the enactment,revision,abrogation,interpretation of laws,and compilation of legal codes.To discuss the legislative delegation by the NPC and its Standing Committee in a holistic manner not only neglects the historical changes of legislative delegation,but also ignores different legal sources and practical objectives of legislative delegation,as well as different objects of delegation and the fact that they are distinguished from each other.According to the Constitution and Constitution-related laws such as the Legislative Law and the Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,the practices of legislative delegation by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have been developed into three relatively independent major types:delegation concerning enactment of legal rules,delegation concerning temporary adjustment of laws,and delegation concerning regional governance.The three main types of legislative delegation by the highest state authority are established by directly incorparating Chinese experience and inheriting delegation tradition.These three types enjoy commonalities in terms of delegation subjects and supervision,etc.,however,there are also significant differences in aspects such as whether there are relevant laws at the time of delegation,whether the power is transferred during delegation,the scope of delegated items,the scope of authorized subjects,and the process of delegation operation.This categorization-based discussion on the legislative delegation by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee explains the practice and improvement of the delegation system in response to various special needs,clarifies the specific circumstances under which the p

关 键 词：授权制定法规范 授权暂调法律 授权区域治理 类型化 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]