以环境法权范式取代环境权利范式--从环境法现实体系出发  

Replacing the Environmental-Right Paradigm with the Environmental Power-Right Paradigm--Starting from the Realistic System of Environmental Law

作　　者：马腾 MA Teng

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学,北京100070

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第8期130-147,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代生态文明建设目标评价考核制度优化研究”(项目编号:22&ZD138)的研究成果。

摘　　要：现有的环境法研究和构建并没有脱离权利范式。从环境法理论与实践来看,这种范式既无法完成自身证成,也与环境实定法存在较大的不兼容性,自身还存在明显的缺陷。环境法权范式的出现将给环境法的研究和建设提供一条新的思路。法权范式的实质是权利和权力的统一体,在肯定权利的同时,正视和确立了权力在法律秩序和运行中的角色和作用。它使得公共利益这一和权利并行的重要环境法现象觅得了法学理论上的落脚点。环境法权范式所构建的环境法律体系,并不是对权利范式的套用或者补充,而是在符合宪法规范的前提下,立足于环境权利调整和权力配置而形成的制度体系。在构造路径上,环境法权范式应当抓住我国《生态环境法典》编纂的契机,对环境权力和权利进行有序的调整、优化,并进行相应的制度构建,包括但不局限于权利保障制度、权利限制制度以及司法救济制度,等等。The existing research and construction of environmental law are still made within the environmental-right paradigm.From the perspective of the reality of environmental law,this paradigm is not only unable to achieve self-attestation,but also encounters high-level incompatibility with the environmental law and has obvious defects in itself.The emergence of the environmental power-right paradigm will provide a new line of thought for the research and construction of environmental law.The essence of the power-right paradigm is the unity of rights and power,which,while affirming rights,confronts and establishes the role and function of power in the legal order and operation.It allows the public interest,an important environmental phenomenon that goes hand in hand with rights,to find a theoretical footing in jurisprudence.The environmental legal system constructed on basis of the environmental power-right paradigm is not the application of or supplement to the right paradigm,but an institutional system formed on basis of the adjustment of environmental rights and the allocation of power under the premise of complying with constitutional norms.In the construction path of the environmental power-right paradigm,it is necessary to seize the opportunity of compiling the Ecological Environment Code of China,adjust and optimize environmental power and rights in an orderly way,and carry out corresponding institutional construction,including but not limited to rights protection system,rights limitation system,and judicial remedy system,etc.

关 键 词：权利范式 环境法权 环境法体系构建 生态环境法典 

分 类 号：DF461[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]