论融资租赁承租人破产时的出租人权利  

On the Lessor's Rights in the Bankruptcy of the Lessee in a Financial Leasing Relationship

作　　者：张敏[1] 罗陈鑫 ZHANG Min;LUO Chenxin

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200050

出　　处：《上海市经济管理干部学院学报》2024年第4期31-39,共9页Journal of Shanghai Economic Management College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“资管业穿透式监管的基本矛盾和制度生成研究”(18BFX141)。

摘　　要：融资租赁是一种新型交易模式,不宜以租赁交易等传统法律关系对其定性。融资租赁中作为出租人权利基础的所有权具有特殊性,相较于完整的所有权有所弱化,是为租金债权提供担保的“名义所有权”。从权利基础、利益衡量、制度取向三个角度出发,承租人破产时的出租人权利宜定性为破产别除权而非破产取回权。在融资租赁合同的破产处理中,《破产法》所规定的破产管理人的挑拣履行权不宜被直接移用。在出租人享有破产别除权的情况下,承租人破产管理人的挑拣履行权并无适用空间。未来立法应当将传统租赁从融资租赁中剔除,完善破产法有关融资租赁的特别规范,通过法制保障融资租赁行业发展行稳致远。Financial leasing is a new type of transaction and it is not appropriate to characterize it in terms of traditional legal relationships such as leasing transactions.The ownership right that is the basis of the lessor's right in a financial lease has a special character and is weaker than the full ownership right,being a“nominal ownership right”that provides security for the rental claim.Considering the three aspects of right basis,interest weighing and institutional orientation,the lessor's right in the bankruptcy of the lessee should be characterized as a right of exclusion in bankruptcy,rather than a right of retrieval in bankruptcy.The right of the bankruptcy representative under the bankruptcy law to decide whether to perform a contract is not directly applicable to the bank-ruptcy treatment of financial lease contracts.In the case where the lessor enjoys the right of exclusion in bankruptcy,the lessee's bankruptcy representative cannot decide to discharge or perform the con-tract.The future legislation should exclude traditional leasing from financial leasing,improve the spe-cial regulation of bankruptcy law concerning financial leasing.Through the legal system,the development of the financial leasing industry is guaranteed to be stable and far-reaching.

关 键 词：融资租赁 承租人破产 经济实质 出租人权利 名义所有权 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]