尼帕病毒病疫苗研究进展  

Research Progress of Nipah Virus Disease Vaccines

作　　者：张慧[1] 戈胜强[1,2,3] 刘爽 王晓华[1] 郑辉[1] 王淑娟[1] 赵永刚[1] 魏荣[1] 王志亮[1] Zhang Hui;Ge Shengqiang;Liu Shuang;Wang Xiaohua;Zheng Hui;Wang Shujuan;Zhao Yonggang;Wei Rong;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology and Animal Epidemic Research,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第7期54-60,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。

摘　　要：尼帕病毒病是一种人兽共患病,1998年在马来西亚首次出现。引起该病的病原为尼帕病毒,它是一种单负股RNA病毒,可感染猪、马、犬、猫等多种动物,对人的致死率可达75%以上。目前,尚无有效疫苗上市。该病毒的表面糖蛋白是目前疫苗研究的主要靶标。以此为靶标,已有多种候选疫苗在不同动物模型中表现出良好的免疫效果,其中亚单位疫苗、重组活载体疫苗和mRNA疫苗是当前研究热点,已有3种相关人用候选疫苗进入临床试验。目前尼帕病毒病兽用疫苗研究进展缓慢,而兽用疫苗的使用可以有效预防病毒的跨种传播,符合“同一健康”理念,因此应加大兽用疫苗的研发力度。本文对尼帕病毒病不同类型疫苗相关研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了疫苗研究中的问题,以期为尼帕病毒病疫苗研究提供参考。Nipah virus disease is a zoonotic disease caused by Nipah virus,and firstly reported in Malaysia in 1998.Nipah virus is a single-negative stranded RNA virus affecting several animal species,such as pigs,horses,dogs and cats,with a lethality of 75%in human.No effective vaccine has been available in the markets.Current vaccine researches mainly target at glycoproteins on the virus surface.A variety of vaccine candidates have produced good immune effects in different animal models,especially subunit vaccines,recombinant live vector vaccines and mRNA vaccines as the research priorities,and three vaccine candidates for human have been clinically trialed.Veterinary vaccines against Nipah virus disease could effectively prevent the cross-species transmission of the virus and are in line with the concept of“One Health”,but developed slowly now,thus should be invested with great efforts in research and development.In the paper,the advance in different types of vaccines against Nipah virus disease was reviewed,the problems found in vaccine research were discussed,aiming to provide a reference for further research on the vaccines.

关 键 词：尼帕病毒 疫苗研究 人兽共患病 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]