基于模糊免疫算法和PLC的永磁直驱风电系统变桨增益控制方法  

A Pitch Gain Control Method for Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Power System Based on Fuzzy Immune Algorithm and PLC

作　　者：王海 吴劲芳 贾洪岩 李涵阳 宋佳恒 WANG Hai;WU Jinfang;JIA Hongyan;LI Hanyang;SONG Jiaheng(State Grid Zhangjiakou Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transportation New Energy Co.,Ltd.,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]国网冀北张家口风光储输新能源有限公司,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《水力发电》2024年第8期79-83,共5页Water Power

摘　　要：为保证永磁直驱风电系统的可靠、稳定运行,提出基于模糊免疫算法和可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的永磁直驱风电系统变桨增益控制方法。对永磁直驱风电系统运行气动特性进行了分析,确定风速对其气动特性的影响;以PLC控制器为核心,引入模糊比例-积分-微分(PID)控制算法,并在控制器中引入变增益因子形成增益控制参数;将发电机转速和功率作为该算法的输入量,实现叶尖速比和桨距角的自动调节。采用免疫算法对增益控制参数进行优化,以此提升模糊PID算法的动态性和静态性,保证了变桨增益控制效果。测试结果显示,该方法依据发电机转速和功率作为控制输入量较合理,有效控制风轮转速在1 r/min以内,功率变化范围在7.2~7.5 kW之间,风能利用能率在70%~80%之间,最大超调量为3.32%,控制效果良好。A pitch gain control method based on fuzzy immune algorithm and programmable logic controller(PLC)is proposed to ensure the reliable and stable operation of permanent magnet direct drive wind power systems.Firstly,the aerodynamic characteristics of permanent magnet direct drive wind power systems are analyzed and the influence of wind speed on their aerodynamic characteristics is determined.Then taking the PLC controller as the core,the fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID)control algorithm is introduced,and a variable gain factor is introduced in the controller to form gain control parameters.Finally,the generator speed and power are used as inputs to the algorithm for achieving the automatic adjustment of the blade tip speed ratio and pitch angle.The immune algorithm is used to optimize the gain control parameters to improve the dynamic and static performance of the fuzzy PID algorithm and ensure the effectiveness of pitch gain control.The test results show that the method is reasonable in using generator speed and power as control inputs,and the control effect is good.The effective control of the wind turbine speed is within 1 r/min,the range of power variation is between 7.2-7.5 kW,the wind energy utilization efficiency is between 70%-80%,and the maximum overshoot is 3.32%.

关 键 词：模糊免疫算法 PLC 永磁直驱 风电系统 增益控制参数 桨距角 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]