老工业城市污染企业空间格局演变及影响机制——以兰州市为例  

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influence Mechanism of Polluting Enterprises in Old Industrial City:A Case of Lanzhou City

作　　者：赵学伟 张志斌[1] 陈龙 冯斌[1] 马晓敏 吴志祥 柴姣 董建红 ZHAO Xuewei;ZHANG Zhibin;CHEN Long;FENG Bin;MA Xiaomin;WU Zhixiang;CHAI Jiao;DONG Jianhong(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;School of Design Art,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第6期70-81,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961029)。

摘　　要：老工业城市污染企业空间格局优化与多元有效管治是促进城市高质量转型发展的关键环节。文章以兰州市为例,基于1990—2020年微观企业数据,运用探索性空间分析方法和地理加权回归模型研究了老工业城市污染企业空间格局演变特征及影响机制。结果表明:(1)从整体来看,兰州市污染企业呈现出“中心—近郊—远郊—开发区/新区”的郊区化过程;热点区域以河谷内部为主、河谷外部为辅,表现为“分散式外围郊区迁移、远离核心敏感区迁移、集中式功能区迁移”的演变特征。(2)从类型异质性看,废气污染型企业逐步向城市下风向迁移且呈现河谷内外分异的特征;废水污染型企业远离边界地区的集聚趋势更加明显且具有靠近河流分布的特征;固废污染型企业围绕人口集中地、独立工矿区等聚集。(3)从规模异质性看,较大规模污染企业始终以中心城区为主核心并在兰州新区孕育了次核心;中等规模污染企业由以城关组团和红古组团为主体逐渐向各区县中心城区迁移;较小规模污染企业在以城关组团、安宁组团和永登组团为中心的基础上,陆续向交通干道、产业园区以及各区县中心城区集聚。(4)从影响机制看,整体、不同类型和不同规模的污染企业在区位选择过程中,对传统区位、地域特征、环境外部性、设施多样性等维度的变量存在空间异质性和尺度差异性特征,多元因素交织形成了老工业城市污染企业区位选择的复杂性机制。Spatial pattern optimization and multiple effective governance of polluting enterprises in old industrial cities is a key link to promote high-quality transformation development of cities.Taking Lanzhou City as the research area,the article investigates evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of the spatial pattern of polluting enterprises in Lanzhou City based on the data of industrial and commercial enterprise registration in Lanzhou City from 1990 to 2020 using the methods of exploratory spatial analysis and GWR model.The results show that:1)From the overall perspective,the polluting enterprises in Lanzhou city show a suburbanization process of"center-suburbs-distant suburbs-development zone/new district",the hotspot areas are mainly distributed in the river valley,supplemented by the outside of the river valley,which shows the evolution characteristics of"decentralized peripheral suburban migration,migration away from the core sensitive area,and centralized functional area migration".2)From the type of heterogeneity,enterprises exhausting waste gas pollution gradually move downwind of the city and show the characteristics of divergence inside and outside the river valley.Enterprises exhausting waste water pollution have a more obvious tendency to cluster away from the border areas and have the characteristics of distribution close to the river.Enterprises exhausting solid waste pollution gather around population concentrations,independent industrial and mining areas.3)From the point of view of scale heterogeneity,large-scale polluting enterprises are always centered in the central urban area and have bred sub-core in Lanzhou New District.Medium-scale polluting enterprises gradually move to the central urban areas of districts and counties mainly in Chengguan Group and Honggu Group.Smaller-scale polluting enterprises move to traffic arteries,industrial parks and central urban areas of districts and counties on the basis of Chengguan Group,Anning Group and Yongdeng Group as the center.4)In the process

关 键 词：老工业城市 污染企业 格局演变 影响机制 兰州市 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济] F429.9